mental retardation: ['Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual is mentally retarded. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline mentally retarded range. Scores below 67 are in the retarded range. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)']
Endpoint definition
↥
Endpoint definition steps |
FinnGen |
|---|---|
Phenotype data |
520210 |
1. Apply sex-specific ruleNone |
520210 |
2. Check conditionsNone |
520210 |
3. Check pre-conditions, main-only, mode, registry filtersRegistry filters:
2 out of 7 registries used, show all original rules. |
230 |
4. Check minimum number of eventsNone |
230 |
5. Include endpointsNone |
230 |
6. Filter based on genotype QC (FinnGen only) |
230 |
Control definitions (FinnGen only)
- Control exclude
- F5_MENTRET
Extra metadata
- Level in the ICD hierarchy
- 3
- First used in FinnGen datafreeze
- DF2
- Parent code in ICD-10
- F70-F79
- Name in latin
- Retardatio mentalis moderata
Similar endpoints
↥List of similar endpoints to
Moderate mental retardation
based on the number of shared cases.
Similar with more cases:
- Mental retardation
- Mental retardation, excluding more controls
- Mental retardation, wide definition
- Psychiatric diseases
- Any event in hilmo or specialist outpatient
Similar with less cases:
None
Case counts by codes
↥
Summary Statistics
↥-FinRegistry-
Key figures
| All | Female | Male | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of individuals | |||
| Whole population | 8871 | 3898 | 4958 |
| Only index persons | 7776 | 3383 | 4393 |
| Unadjusted period prevalence (%) | |||
| Whole population | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.14 |
| Only index persons | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.17 |
| Median age at first event (years) | |||
| Whole population | 20.27 | 22.12 | 18.75 |
| Only index persons | 19.66 | 21.47 | 18.26 |
-FinnGen-
Key figures
| All | Female | Male | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of individuals | 230 | 109 | 121 |
| Unadjusted period prevalence (%) | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
| Median age at first event (years) | 21.35 | 22.82 | 20.02 |
-FinRegistry-
Age distribution of first events
-FinnGen-
Age distribution of first events
-FinRegistry-
Year distribution of first events
-FinnGen-
Year distribution of first events
-FinRegistry-
Cumulative Incidence Function
-FinnGen-
Cumulative Incidence Function
No data
CodeWAS (R11)
↥CodeWAS is a tool for exploring the associations between an endpoint and all of the medical codes and drug codes.
This is a new tool, please reach out using the contact form for feedback and improvement ideas.
First, a cohort is built by matching controls to the endpoint cases using year of birth and sex. Then, a Fisher test is done for all the medical codes and drug codes between the cases and controls of this cohort. Codes are reported in the table below if they have −log10(p-value) ≥ 6.
Matched cohort
- Matched cases
- 214
- Matched controls
- 2138
Code
Vocabulary
Description
Odds Ratio
-log10(p)
N matched cases
N matched controls
F71.0
ICD-10 Finland
Moderate mental retardation, with the statement of no, or minimal, impairment of behaviour
1815.1
112.1
99
*
F70.0
ICD-10 Finland
Mild mental retardation, With the statement of no, or minimal, impairment of behaviour
921.1
70.2
65
*
F71.1
ICD-10 Finland
Moderate mental retardation, significant impairment of behaviour requiring attention or treatment
+∞
66.1
60
*
113
Kela drug reimbursment
Anxiety disorders associated with mental retardation
+∞
55.7
51
*
111
Kela drug reimbursment
Epilepsy and comparable convulsive disorders
26.6
54.9
78
45
N03AG01
ATC
valproic acid; systemic, rectal
20.9
53.9
84
64
F70.1
ICD-10 Finland
Mild mental retardation, Significant impairment of behaviour requiring attention or treatment
+∞
44.3
41
*
N05AX08
ATC
risperidone; systemic
15.1
43.0
76
75
F79.0
ICD-10 Finland
Unspecified mental retardation, with the statement of no, or minimal, impairment of behaviour
499.1
42.7
41
*
F71.9
ICD-10 Finland
Moderate mental retardation, without mention of impairment of behaviour
+∞
42.1
39
*
G40.9
ICD-10 Finland
Epilepsy, unspecified
28.7
41.0
56
26
N05BA01
ATC
diazepam; systemic, rectal
10.1
36.7
81
121
P85
ICPC
Mental retardation
215.1
35.9
36
*
N05AA02
ATC
levomepromazine; systemic
22.5
32.9
48
27
WYA30
NOMESCO Finland
Preparations for expected poor cooperation
9.8
32.6
72
105
N03AF01
ATC
carbamazepine; oral, rectal
20.3
31.7
48
30
183
Kela drug reimbursment
Lamotrigin and topiramate
52.0
29.7
35
8
F70.9
ICD-10 Finland
Mild mental retardation, Without mention of impairment of behaviour
335.0
29.5
29
*
N05BA09
ATC
clobazam; oral
55.4
28.4
33
7
F79.9
ICD-10 Finland
Unspecified mental retardation, without mention of impairment of behaviour
+∞
26.6
25
*
N03AX11
ATC
topiramate; oral
17.8
23.0
36
24
N03AX14
ATC
levetiracetam; systemic
17.8
23.0
36
24
182
Kela drug reimbursment
Brivaracetam, eslikarbazepin, gabapentin, lacosamide, levetiracetam, perampanel, pregabalin, tiagabin and zonisamide
18.8
22.8
35
22
N05CD08
ATC
midazolam; nasal, systemic
17.3
21.6
34
23
G40.29
ICD-10 Finland
Localization-related (focal)(partial) symptomatic epilepsy and epileptic syndromes with complex partial seizures
26.6
20.6
28
12
N05AC02
ATC
thioridazine; oral
32.6
20.2
26
9
31299
ICD-8 Finland
Moderate mental retardation, Other and unspecified
+∞
20.1
19
*
F83
ICD-10 Finland
Mixed specific developmental disorders
20.7
19.7
29
16
N03AX09
ATC
lamotrigine; oral
8.4
18.9
43
62
112
Kela drug reimbursment
Severe psychotic and other severe mental disorders
6.8
18.4
49
89
R62.0
ICD-10 Finland
Delayed milestone
20.4
18.3
27
15
F72.0
ICD-10 Finland
Severe mental retardation, with the statement of no, or minimal, impairment of behaviour
+∞
18.0
17
*
N05AH03
ATC
olanzapine; systemic
6.9
16.6
43
75
N04AA02
ATC
biperiden; systemic
27.0
16.4
22
9
R56.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other and unspecified convulsions
6.8
16.0
42
74
A06AD11
ATC
lactulose; oral
5.4
15.7
51
118
G40.22
ICD-10 Finland
Complex partial epileptic seizure with secondary generalization
19.6
15.5
23
13
F71
ICD-10 Finland
Moderate mental retardation
+∞
14.8
14
*
N03AG04
ATC
vigabatrin; oral
160.5
14.7
15
*
G40.12
ICD-10 Finland
Simple partial seizures with secondary generalization
29.6
14.5
19
7
N03AF02
ATC
oxcarbazepine; oral
11.3
14.5
27
27
N05AD01
ATC
haloperidol; systemic
12.1
13.9
25
23
GD1QA
NOMESCO Finland
Supine thorax X-ray examination
5.4
13.9
44
98
3180A
ICD-9 Finland
Other specified mental retardation, Moderate mental retardation[KESKIVAIKEA ÄLYLL KEHITYSVAMMAISUUS,EI KÄYTÄYT.HÄIR]
+∞
13.7
13
*
Z50.8
ICD-10 Finland
Care involving use of other rehabilitation procedures
6.0
13.6
39
77
G40.89
ICD-10 Finland
Other epilepsy
43.0
13.3
16
*
G40.4
ICD-10 Finland
Other generalized epilepsy and epileptic syndromes
53.4
13.0
15
*
G40.20
ICD-10 Finland
Complex partial seizures with only alteration of consciousness
34.4
12.8
16
5
181
Kela drug reimbursment
Retigabine and vigabatrin
137.7
12.6
13
*
N05AF03
ATC
chlorprothixene; systemic
17.2
12.4
19
12
G40.10
ICD-10 Finland
Simple partial seizures
24.5
11.8
16
7
R5110
NOMESCO Finland
Evaluation of the need for aids, the testing, fitting and choice of the aid, instruction in use and delivery of it
5.0
11.7
39
92
78159
ICD-8 Finland
Other symptoms referable to nervous system and special senses, Laesio loquendi alia sive NUD
+∞
11.6
11
*
G40.39
ICD-10 Finland
Other or unspecified generalized epileptic syndromes with atonic, clonic, myoclonic or tonic-clonic seizures
37.2
11.4
14
*
G03DC03
ATC
lynestrenol; oral
11.0
11.3
21
21
Z01.1
ICD-10 Finland
Examination of ears and hearing
3.8
11.0
50
159
N03AE01
ATC
clonazepam; systemic
6.9
10.9
27
44
H50.30
ICD-10 Finland
Intermittent esotropy
29.8
10.9
14
5
N05AH02
ATC
clozapine; systemic
12.1
10.8
19
17
N03AF03
ATC
rufinamide; oral
+∞
10.5
10
*
3170A
ICD-9 Finland
Mild mental retardation[LIEVÄ ÄLYLL.KEHITYSVAMMAISUUS,EI KÄYTÄYTYM.HÄIRIÖTÄ]
+∞
10.5
10
*
3199A
ICD-9 Finland
Unspecified mental retardation[MUU ÄLYLLINEN KEHITYSVAMMAISUUS,EI KÄYTTÄYTYMIHÄIRI]
+∞
10.5
10
*
F29
ICD-10 Finland
Unspecified nonorganic psychosis
6.2
10.4
28
51
M01AH05
ATC
etoricoxib; oral
0.3
10.3
26
696
N05AH04
ATC
quetiapine; oral
3.2
10.0
61
239
J18.9
ICD-10 Finland
Pneumonia, unspecified
3.1
9.9
64
261
R1260
NOMESCO Finland
Evaluation of communicative skills
10.8
9.7
18
18
G40.00
ICD-10 Finland
Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal EEG spikes
104.5
9.5
10
*
F79.1
ICD-10 Finland
Unspecified mental retardation, significant impairment of behaviour requiring attention or treatment
+∞
9.4
9
*
A28
ICPC
Limited function/disability NOS
3.9
9.3
39
115
SDA02
NOMESCO Finland
Parodonthologic therapy
2.6
9.3
94
502
R2130
NOMESCO Finland
Counselling and guidance which enhance independent living
3.9
9.1
39
117
N05AA01
ATC
chlorpromazine; systemic, rectal
19.7
9.0
13
7
G40.19
ICD-10 Finland
Localization-related (focal)(partial) symptomatic epilepsy and epileptic syndromes with simple partial seizures
25.3
9.0
12
5
F20.9
ICD-10 Finland
Schizophrenia, unspecified
10.7
8.7
16
16
H50.31
ICD-10 Finland
Intermittent exotropia
13.5
8.5
14
11
Z31.5
ICD-10 Finland
Genetic counselling
5.1
8.5
26
56
F72.1
ICD-10 Finland
Severe mental retardation, significant impairment of behaviour requiring attention or treatment
+∞
8.4
8
*
199
Kela drug reimbursment
Rufinamide
+∞
8.4
8
*
R1230
NOMESCO Finland
Neuropsychological evaluation of need and possibilities to rehabilitation
8.1
8.4
18
24
RL140
NOMESCO Finland
NA
15.3
8.3
13
9
H50.1
ICD-10 Finland
Divergent concomitant strabismus
18.0
8.2
12
7
H52.2
ICD-10 Finland
Astigmatism
7.8
8.2
18
25
N88
ICPC
Epilepsy
34.8
8.1
10
*
N03AB02
ATC
phenytoin; systemic
34.8
8.1
10
*
ADB00
NOMESCO Finland
Implantation of vagus nerve stimulating device
34.8
8.1
10
*
N03AX15
ATC
zonisamide; oral
23.1
8.1
11
5
N03AX22
ATC
perampanel; oral
23.1
8.1
11
5
N05BA06
ATC
lorazepam; systemic, sublingual
6.2
8.1
21
37
R1210
NOMESCO Finland
Medical assessment of need and possibilities to rehabilitation
11.4
7.9
14
13
M03BX02
ATC
tizanidine; oral
0.4
7.9
36
755
WYA20
NOMESCO Finland
Home visit
15.8
7.8
12
8
N03AX18
ATC
lacosamide; systemic
19.2
7.7
11
6
N05AX12
ATC
aripiprazole; systemic
5.0
7.5
23
50
Q85.1
ICD-10 Finland
Tuberous sclerosis
82.8
7.5
8
*
G80.1
ICD-10 Finland
Spastic diplegic cerebral palsy
82.8
7.5
8
*
Z36.3
ICD-10 Finland
Antenatal screening for malformations using ultrasound and other physical methods
0.0
7.5
*
178
R1100
NOMESCO Finland
General evaluation of the need for rehabilitation
7.8
7.3
16
22
F79
ICD-10 Finland
Unspecified mental retardation
+∞
7.3
7
*
3180B
ICD-9 Finland
Other specified mental retardation, Moderate mental retardation[KESKIVAIKEA ÄLYLL KEHITYSVAMMAISUUS JA KÄYTÄYT.HÄIR]
+∞
7.3
7
*
3170B
ICD-9 Finland
Mild mental retardation[LIEVÄ ÄLYLL.KEHITYSVAMMAISUUS,JOSSA KÄYTÄYTYM.HÄIRI]
+∞
7.3
7
*
31099
ICD-8 Finland
Borderline mental retardation, Other and unspecified
+∞
7.3
7
*
G80.9
ICD-10 Finland
Cerebral palsy, unspecified
+∞
7.3
7
*
31209
ICD-8 Finland
Moderate mental retardation, Following infections and intoxications, Unspecified
+∞
7.3
7
*
N05AF05
ATC
zuclopenthixol; systemic
16.5
7.3
11
7
JDB10
NOMESCO Finland
Percutaneous gastrostomy
31.2
7.2
9
*
R1410
NOMESCO Finland
Drawing up a rehabilitation plan
20.9
7.2
10
5
J15.9
ICD-10 Finland
Bacterial pneumonia, unspecified
4.6
7.2
24
57
F20.00
ICD-10 Finland
Paranoid schizophrenia continuous
9.3
7.2
14
16
R33
ICD-10 Finland
Retention of urine
5.9
7.1
19
35
Z01.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other specified special examinations
2.6
7.0
57
263
O80.0
ICD-10 Finland
Spontaneous vertex delivery
0.0
7.0
*
196
WX404
NOMESCO Finland
Intravenous generell anesthesy
2.5
7.0
59
279
A49.9
ICD-10 Finland
Bacterial infection, unspecified
3.9
6.8
27
76
M01AB05
ATC
diclofenac; systemic, rectal
0.4
6.8
45
828
J01EE02
ATC
sulfadiazine and trimethoprim; systemic
2.3
6.8
83
470
34599
ICD-8 Finland
Epilepsy, Other and unspecified
23.4
6.7
9
*
7803A
ICD-9 Finland
General symptoms, Convulsions
23.4
6.7
9
*
Z2446
NOMESCO Finland
Social worker
3.2
6.7
35
123
Z46.8
ICD-10 Finland
Fitting and adjustment of other specified devices
10.5
6.6
12
12
OAB43
SPAT
NA
0.1
6.6
*
210
EBA15
NOMESCO Finland
Extraction of large number of teeth
5.5
6.5
18
35
K05.10
ICD-10 Finland
Gingivitis (chronic) NOS
2.8
6.5
43
175
G40.1
ICD-10 Finland
Localization-related (focal)(partial) symptomatic epilepsy and epileptic syndromes with simple partial seizures
71.9
6.5
7
*
G40.30
ICD-10 Finland
Benign myoclonic eplilepsy in infancy
71.9
6.5
7
*
3454A
ICD-9 Finland
Epilepsy, Partial epilepsy, with impairment of consciousness[EPILEPSIA GENERALISATA SECUNDARIA]
71.9
6.5
7
*
3459X
ICD-9 Finland
Epilepsy, unspecified
71.9
6.5
7
*
7834D
ICD-9 Finland
Symptoms concerning nutrition, metabolism and development, Lack of expected normal physiological development[LAPSEN NORMAALIN KEHITTYMISEN HIDASTUMINEN]
71.9
6.5
7
*
M41.4
ICD-10 Finland
Neuromuscular scoliosis
71.9
6.5
7
*
N05AB03
ATC
perphenazine; systemic, rectal
6.9
6.5
15
23
N05AD03
ATC
melperone; systemic
14.9
6.5
10
7
TLC00
NOMESCO Finland
Insertion of intrauterine device
4.5
6.3
21
50
L28
ICPC
Limited function/disability (L)
3.0
6.3
37
141
31199
ICD-8 Finland
Mild mental retardation, Other and unspecified
+∞
6.3
6
*
F84.0
ICD-10 Finland
Childhood autism
+∞
6.3
6
*
F84.9
ICD-10 Finland
Pervasive developmental disorder, unspecified
27.6
6.3
8
*
G41.9
ICD-10 Finland
Status epilepticus, unspecified
27.6
6.3
8
*
78020
ICD-8 Finland
Certain symptoms referable to nervous system and special senses, Convulsions
27.6
6.3
8
*
XA800
NOMESCO Finland
Neuropsychological investigation
4.0
6.2
24
66
504
Kela drug reimbursment
Conditions requiring daily forced enteral nutrition
9.0
6.1
12
14
R1250
NOMESCO Finland
Evaluation of functional capability
10.5
6.1
11
11
D01AC02
ATC
miconazole; topical
4.1
6.0
22
58
Mortality – FinRegistry
↥Association
Association between endpoint F5_MODRET and mortality.
Females
| Parameter | HR [95% CI] | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| F5_MODRET | 6.615 [5.16, 8.48] | < 0.001 |
| Birth year | 0.993 [0.98, 1.0] | 0.1 |
During the follow-up period (1.1.1998 — 31.12.2019), 265 out of 1858 females with F5_MODRET died.
Males
| Parameter | HR [95% CI] | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| F5_MODRET | 3.444 [2.87, 4.13] | < 0.001 |
| Birth year | 0.985 [0.98, 0.99] | 0.002 |
During the follow-up period (1.1.1998 — 31.12.2019), 284 out of 2621 males with F5_MODRET died.
Mortality risk
Mortality risk for people of age
years, who have F5_MODRET.| N-year risk | Females | Males |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.543% | 0.549% |
| 5 | 3.359% | 3.302% |
| 10 | 8.41% | 8.733% |
| 15 | 16.665% | 16.144% |
| 20 | 26.975% | 26.716% |
Relationships between endpoints
↥Index endpoint: F5_MODRET – Moderate mental retardation
GWS hits: 1
Endpoint
Case Overlap
Survival Analysis
Genetic Correlations
Genetic Signals
N (Jaccard index)
HR [CI]
Extremity
rg [CI]
Extremity
Hits
Coloc Hits
FinRegistry
FinnGen
FinRegistry
FinnGen
FinnGen
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