age-related macular degeneration: Age-related loss of vision in the central portion of the retina (macula), secondary to retinal degeneration.
Endpoint definition
↥
Endpoint definition steps |
FinnGen |
|---|---|
Phenotype data |
520210 |
1. Apply sex-specific ruleNone |
520210 |
2. Check conditionsNone |
520210 |
3. Check pre-conditions, main-only, mode, registry filtersRegistry filters:
2 out of 7 registries used, show all original rules. |
845 |
4. Check minimum number of eventsNone |
845 |
5. Include endpointsNone |
845 |
6. Filter based on genotype QC (FinnGen only) |
845 |
Control definitions (FinnGen only)
- Control exclude
- H7_CHOROIDRETINA
Extra metadata
- Level in the ICD hierarchy
- 5
- First used in FinnGen datafreeze
- DF4
- Parent code in ICD-10
- H35
Similar endpoints
↥List of similar endpoints to
Macular cyst
based on the number of shared cases.
Similar with more cases:
- Degeneration of macula and posterior pole
- Other retinal disorders
- Disorders of choroid and retina
- Diseases of the eye and adnexa
- Any event in hilmo or specialist outpatient
Similar with less cases:
None
Case counts by codes
↥
Summary Statistics
↥-FinRegistry-
Key figures
| All | Female | Male | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of individuals | |||
| Whole population | 3939 | 2208 | 1725 |
| Only index persons | 3877 | 2177 | 1700 |
| Unadjusted period prevalence (%) | |||
| Whole population | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 |
| Only index persons | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
| Median age at first event (years) | |||
| Whole population | 72.17 | 72.28 | 72.05 |
| Only index persons | 72.18 | 72.31 | 72.02 |
-FinnGen-
Key figures
| All | Female | Male | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of individuals | 845 | 462 | 383 |
| Unadjusted period prevalence (%) | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 |
| Median age at first event (years) | 72.35 | 71.75 | 73.08 |
-FinRegistry-
Age distribution of first events
-FinnGen-
Age distribution of first events
-FinRegistry-
Year distribution of first events
-FinnGen-
Year distribution of first events
-FinRegistry-
Cumulative Incidence Function
-FinnGen-
Cumulative Incidence Function
CodeWAS (R11)
↥CodeWAS is a tool for exploring the associations between an endpoint and all of the medical codes and drug codes.
This is a new tool, please reach out using the contact form for feedback and improvement ideas.
First, a cohort is built by matching controls to the endpoint cases using year of birth and sex. Then, a Fisher test is done for all the medical codes and drug codes between the cases and controls of this cohort. Codes are reported in the table below if they have −log10(p-value) ≥ 6.
Matched cohort
- Matched cases
- 716
- Matched controls
- 7159
Code
Vocabulary
Description
Odds Ratio
-log10(p)
N matched cases
N matched controls
H35.36
ICD-10 Finland
Macular cyst
+∞
323.0
711
*
CK2X4
NOMESCO Finland
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of ocular fundus
41.1
299.3
389
201
CKD05
NOMESCO Finland
Puncture of vitreous body with injection of medication
2055.7
290.3
262
*
H35.38
ICD-10 Finland
Preretinal fibrosis of the macula
662.5
245.2
229
5
WX140
NOMESCO Finland
Parabulbar anesthesy
64.7
213.4
245
57
H35.39
ICD-10 Finland
Degeneration of macula and posterior pole
1117.3
182.8
171
*
XCW99
NOMESCO Finland
Other investigative procedure of eye
16.7
177.0
312
317
Z96.1
ICD-10 Finland
Presence of intraocular lens
12.7
172.4
361
531
CK2S4
NOMESCO Finland
Plain photography of ocular fundus
20.2
138.8
218
152
H35.31
ICD-10 Finland
Senile macular degeneration (atrophic)(exudative)
1408.2
124.9
118
*
CJE20
NOMESCO Finland
Phakoemulsification with implantation of artificial lens in posterior chamber
6.5
117.2
487
1762
CKD94
NOMESCO Finland
Combined vitrectomy and procedure on lens through pars plana
154.2
90.4
94
7
CKD91
NOMESCO Finland
Extended vitrectomy through pars plana
208.0
89.5
91
5
H25.1
ICD-10 Finland
Senile nuclear cataract
4.9
82.9
396
1453
WX100
NOMESCO Finland
Conjunctival surface anesthesia
6.3
79.0
247
553
XCK10
NOMESCO Finland
Photography of fundus of eye
7.8
78.1
201
343
S01CA01
ATC
dexamethasone and antiinfectives; ophthalmic (ophth., corticosteroids and antiinfectives in comb.)
4.5
77.1
428
1781
H33.0
ICD-10 Finland
Retinal detachment with retinal break
+∞
74.3
70
*
S01ED51
ATC
timolol, combinations; ophthalmic
8.1
73.3
181
287
CKC12
NOMESCO Finland
Photocoagulation of retina
86.2
69.6
77
10
Z01.0
ICD-10 Finland
Examination of eyes and vision
5.3
64.1
230
586
CKD65
NOMESCO Finland
Pars plana or pars plicata vitrectomy
103.7
61.0
66
7
CKD70
NOMESCO Finland
Excision of preretinal or epiretinal membrane
627.6
59.6
58
*
ZXA10
NOMESCO Finland
Bilateral
4.3
58.1
266
859
WX002
NOMESCO Finland
Sedation and analgesia
4.1
57.6
284
981
XCD20
NOMESCO Finland
Photoangiography of eye
71.3
57.3
65
10
CM2X4
NOMESCO Finland
Follow-up OCT of age-related macular degeneration lesions
+∞
56.0
53
*
CK9F4
NOMESCO Finland
Fluorescein angiography (FAG) of choroid and retina
157.5
55.7
58
*
H35.37
ICD-10 Finland
Macular holes
298.3
55.0
55
*
CJB10
NOMESCO Finland
Laser discission of secondary cataract
6.0
53.5
163
334
CK2Y4
NOMESCO Finland
OCT video recording of ocular fundus
+∞
51.7
49
*
H35.30
ICD-10 Finland
Kuhnt-Junius degeneration
29.4
49.6
67
25
CKD10
NOMESCO Finland
Insufflation of vitreous cavity
262.5
48.7
49
*
ZXA05
NOMESCO Finland
Left side
3.5
48.5
311
1293
H26.4
ICD-10 Finland
After-cataract
5.1
45.9
160
379
ZXA00
NOMESCO Finland
Right side
3.3
45.7
314
1361
H20.0
ICD-10 Finland
Acute and subacute iridocyclitis
10.7
45.6
91
96
CK9G4
NOMESCO Finland
Iridocyanine green angiography (ICGA) of choroid and retina
+∞
45.3
43
*
CKD92
NOMESCO Finland
Combined vitrectomy and retinal procedure
228.3
42.4
43
*
H34.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other retinal vascular occlusions
+∞
40.0
38
*
H20.1
ICD-10 Finland
Chronic iridocyclitis
27.9
38.2
52
20
S01EC04
ATC
brinzolamide; ophthalmic
7.6
38.0
93
138
XCH00
NOMESCO Finland
Eye pressure measurement
8.5
37.6
85
111
XCK00
NOMESCO Finland
Perimetry
5.1
34.4
116
259
H35.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other specified retinal disorders
+∞
33.6
32
*
S01XA20
ATC
artificial tears and other indifferent preparations; ophthalmic
2.6
33.3
394
2277
S01EC01
ATC
acetazolamide; systemic
13.0
33.1
59
49
114
Kela drug reimbursment
Glaucoma
4.1
32.8
141
402
S01BC03
ATC
diclofenac; ophthalmic
11.6
32.3
61
57
Z3231
NOMESCO Finland
Registered nurse
2.8
31.6
273
1298
CKD40
NOMESCO Finland
Endophotocoagulation of retina
161.7
29.9
31
*
H36.01
ICD-10 Finland
Diabetic maculopathy
+∞
29.4
28
*
H3601, E113
ICD-10 Finland
NA
+∞
29.4
28
*
S01EA05
ATC
brimonidine; ophthalmic (sympathomimetics in glaucoma therapy)
9.3
28.8
61
71
S01ED01
ATC
timolol; ophthalmic
6.6
28.4
76
127
H33.3
ICD-10 Finland
Retinal breaks without detachment
104.2
27.9
30
*
S01EE01
ATC
latanoprost; ophthalmic
4.6
27.1
101
249
H43.1
ICD-10 Finland
Vitreous haemorrhage
19.6
25.9
39
21
S01EA03
ATC
apraclonidine; ophthalmic
25.2
25.9
36
15
CKD93
NOMESCO Finland
Extended combined procedure on vitreous body and retina
+∞
25.1
24
*
Z2221
NOMESCO Finland
Medical doctor
2.4
22.0
247
1300
CS444
NOMESCO Finland
Visual field testing with Octopus automated perimetry
6.4
21.3
57
95
ZXD10
NOMESCO Finland
Scheduled procedure
2.2
21.0
332
2041
CKD60
NOMESCO Finland
Anterior vitrectomy
19.0
20.6
31
17
ZXE00
NOMESCO Finland
One hour or less
2.1
19.9
321
1978
H26.2
ICD-10 Finland
Complicated cataract
22.3
19.6
28
13
S01EC54
ATC
brinzolamide, combinations; ophthalmic
10.8
19.3
37
36
Z3229
NOMESCO Finland
Other healthcare associate professional
3.4
19.3
98
315
H40.13
ICD-10 Finland
Chronic glaucoma with open ventricular angle
4.3
19.2
74
187
H35.7
ICD-10 Finland
Separation of retinal layers
+∞
18.8
18
*
TCA20
NOMESCO Finland
Peribulbar therapeutic injection into orbit
102.7
18.6
20
*
T85.2
ICD-10 Finland
Mechanical complication of intraocular lens
33.9
18.1
23
7
H40.5
ICD-10 Finland
Glaucoma secondary to other eye disorders
68.4
17.8
20
*
CJF45
NOMESCO Finland
Removal and implantation of artificial lens in anterior chamber with iridectomy or iridotomy
184.3
17.6
18
*
S01EE03
ATC
bimatoprost; ophthalmic
6.3
17.5
47
79
A98
ICPC
Health maint/preventive medicine
4.2
17.4
690
6181
XCH05
NOMESCO Finland
Eye pressure longterm registration
14.5
16.9
28
20
CHD05
NOMESCO Finland
Selective lasertrabeculoplasty
5.4
16.8
51
100
H3600, E113
ICD-10 Finland
NA
+∞
16.7
16
*
H27.1
ICD-10 Finland
Dislocation of lens
28.3
16.6
22
8
WX142
NOMESCO Finland
Sub-tenon anesthesy
41.1
16.4
20
5
H40.0
ICD-10 Finland
Glaucoma suspect
3.1
16.4
93
324
CK2M4
NOMESCO Finland
Macular light layer imaging (OCT)
163.4
15.5
16
*
H40.10
ICD-10 Finland
Capsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation on the anterior lens capsule
5.2
15.5
48
97
S01BC05
ATC
ketorolac; ophthalmic
4.5
15.3
55
130
CS494
NOMESCO Finland
Other visual field testing
7.4
15.2
36
51
H35.0
ICD-10 Finland
Background retinopathy and retinal vascular changes
+∞
14.6
14
*
ZXE10
NOMESCO Finland
More than one and less than three hours
1.9
14.6
294
1908
H35.9
ICD-10 Finland
Retinal disorder, unspecified
153.0
14.5
15
*
S01EC03
ATC
dorzolamide; ophthalmic
7.7
14.1
32
43
S01EE05
ATC
tafluprost; ophthalmic
4.5
13.7
49
116
CS424
NOMESCO Finland
Visual field testing with Goldmann perimetry
12.4
13.7
24
20
H30.2
ICD-10 Finland
Posterior cyclitis
+∞
13.6
13
*
A10AC01
ATC
insulin (human); parenteral (insulins and analog. for injection, intermediate-acting)
3.3
13.3
67
214
CHB10
NOMESCO Finland
Puncture of anterior chamber of eye with irrigation
32.7
12.6
16
5
CKW99
NOMESCO Finland
Other operation on choroid, vitreous body and retina
132.2
12.5
13
*
CHC05
NOMESCO Finland
Iridotomy
6.0
12.2
33
57
H25.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other senile cataract
2.3
12.2
118
557
H20.9
ICD-10 Finland
Iridocyclitis, unspecified
18.4
12.1
18
10
CK2L4
NOMESCO Finland
Wide-field/panoramic imaging of ocular fundus
18.4
12.1
18
10
XCD10
NOMESCO Finland
Electrophysiological examination of eye
5.9
12.1
33
58
CKC10
NOMESCO Finland
Local photocoagulation of retina
47.5
11.9
14
*
TCW99
NOMESCO Finland
Other minor procedure in eye surgery
8.8
11.6
24
28
1LA05
NOMESCO Finland
NA
+∞
11.5
11
*
A10AB04
ATC
insulin lispro; parenteral (insulins and analog. for injection, fast-acting)
6.4
11.0
28
45
ZX198
NOMESCO Finland
Other local administration
18.1
10.8
16
9
CG2X4
NOMESCO Finland
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of cornea
13.1
10.7
18
14
Z71.2
ICD-10 Finland
Person consulting for explanation of investigation findings
1.9
10.7
180
1073
CS1H4
NOMESCO Finland
Retinal nerve fibre layer imaging
7.5
10.5
24
33
R4110
NOMESCO Finland
Physiotherapy
1.8
10.5
212
1339
A10AA01
ATC
NA
7.9
10.4
23
30
CM2S4
NOMESCO Finland
Follow-up photography of age-related macular degeneration lesions
111.6
10.4
11
*
H3601, E103
ICD-10 Finland
NA
+∞
10.4
10
*
H3603, E113
ICD-10 Finland
NA
+∞
10.4
10
*
CKD95
NOMESCO Finland
Extended combined vitectomy and lens procedure through pars plana
+∞
10.4
10
*
E10.3
ICD-10 Finland
Type 1 diabetes mellitus, With ophthalmic complications
12.3
10.4
18
15
CFW99
NOMESCO Finland
Other operation on conjunctiva
33.0
10.4
13
*
Z71.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other specified counselling
1.9
10.3
167
978
H20.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other iridocyclitis
23.7
10.3
14
6
E11.3
ICD-10 Finland
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, with ophthalmic complications
5.4
9.9
29
56
H43.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other disorders of vitreous body
2.5
9.9
79
339
H33.5
ICD-10 Finland
Other retinal detachments
20.4
9.8
14
7
CS5Z4
NOMESCO Finland
Specialised imaging for glaucoma
5.5
9.8
28
53
E10.7
ICD-10 Finland
Type 1 diabetes mellitus, With multiple complications
9.3
9.6
19
21
CG2S4
NOMESCO Finland
Photography of cornea
17.8
9.4
14
8
H36.03
ICD-10 Finland
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
+∞
9.4
9
*
H35.5
ICD-10 Finland
Hereditary retinal dystrophy
+∞
9.4
9
*
H44.0
ICD-10 Finland
Purulent endophthalmitis
+∞
9.4
9
*
H3603, E103
ICD-10 Finland
NA
+∞
9.4
9
*
A10AA02
ATC
NA
5.3
9.2
27
53
CG2T4
NOMESCO Finland
Topography assessment of cornea
9.2
9.1
18
20
CS2P4
NOMESCO Finland
Optic nerve head imaging
15.8
9.1
14
9
CK2A4
NOMESCO Finland
Autofluorescence imaging of ocular fundus
37.2
9.0
11
*
CHF05
NOMESCO Finland
Transscleral laser coagulation of ciliary body
37.2
9.0
11
*
H26.02
ICD-10 Finland
Presenil cataract
4.3
9.0
32
77
XCW10
NOMESCO Finland
Assessment of vision
24.3
8.9
12
5
A10AB05
ATC
insulin aspart; parenteral (insulins and analog. for injection, fast-acting)
2.7
8.8
59
230
ZXD30
NOMESCO Finland
Difficulties in perfomrming procedure
3.5
8.7
39
115
S01EE04
ATC
travoprost; ophthalmic
4.2
8.6
31
76
H25.0
ICD-10 Finland
Senile incipient cataract
2.5
8.5
64
266
CH2X4
NOMESCO Finland
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of iris and iridocorneal angle
91.1
8.4
9
*
H36.09*E10.3
ICD-10 Finland
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus - Diabetic retinopathy
91.1
8.4
9
*
H3600, E103
ICD-10 Finland
NA
+∞
8.3
8
*
CJG15
NOMESCO Finland
Extraction of dislocated lens with implantation of artificial lens in anterior chamber and iridectomy or iridotomy
+∞
8.3
8
*
ZXD20
NOMESCO Finland
Day surgery
2.1
8.3
99
515
CJ2M4
NOMESCO Finland
Scans and measurement printouts for intraocular lens power calculation
5.8
8.2
22
39
CS3P4
NOMESCO Finland
Optic nerve head stereophotography
8.3
8.1
17
21
F29
ICPC
Eye symptom/complaint other
2.4
8.1
70
312
H53.1
ICD-10 Finland
Subjective visual disturbances
2.8
8.1
52
198
25000
ICD-8 Finland
Diabetes mellitus, Sine complicatione
5.8
7.9
21
37
CHD65
NOMESCO Finland
Nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery
7.1
7.8
18
26
H54.2
ICD-10 Finland
Moderate visual impairment, binocular
15.2
7.7
12
8
H36.09*E11.3
ICD-10 Finland
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus - Diabetic retinopathy
45.5
7.7
9
*
H36.00
ICD-10 Finland
Diabetic background retinopathy
45.5
7.7
9
*
E10.9
ICD-10 Finland
Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Without complications
4.1
7.5
28
71
A10AB01
ATC
insulin (human); parenteral (insulins and analog. for injection, fast-acting)
4.5
7.5
25
57
CKD20
NOMESCO Finland
Removal of vitreous body substitute
80.9
7.4
8
*
CHD50
NOMESCO Finland
Shunt operation on anterior chamber
80.9
7.4
8
*
H30.9
ICD-10 Finland
Chorioretinal inflammation, unspecified
+∞
7.3
7
*
Z01.7
ICD-10 Finland
Laboratory examination
2.1
7.3
83
422
TCF00
NOMESCO Finland
Subconjunctival therapeutic injection
20.2
7.1
10
5
Z5132
NOMESCO Finland
Nursing associate professional
20.2
7.1
10
5
TCG10
NOMESCO Finland
Removal of sutures from cornea
12.2
7.1
12
10
CHD15
NOMESCO Finland
Trabeculectomy and iridectomy
10.2
7.1
13
13
H57.1
ICD-10 Finland
Ocular pain
4.1
6.9
25
62
A10AE04
ATC
insulin glargine; parenteral
2.1
6.9
74
366
E10.6
ICD-10 Finland
Type 1 diabetes mellitus, With other specified complications
16.9
6.8
10
6
215
Kela drug reimbursment
Diabetes, non-insulin-treated
1.6
6.7
179
1208
2500B
ICD-9 Finland
Diabetes mellitus without mention of complication[DIABETES MELLITUS SINE COMPLICATIONE ,TYYPPI I]
6.9
6.5
15
22
SDA03
NOMESCO Finland
Demanding parodonthologic therapy
1.6
6.4
222
1597
CHD99
NOMESCO Finland
Other filtering operation
14.5
6.4
10
7
H30.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other chorioretinal inflammations
+∞
6.3
6
*
CKA10
NOMESCO Finland
Biopsy of vitreous body
+∞
6.3
6
*
CKC60
NOMESCO Finland
Local buckling of sclera using implant
+∞
6.3
6
*
H33.1
ICD-10 Finland
Retinoschisis and retinal cysts
+∞
6.3
6
*
H18.2
ICD-10 Finland
Other corneal oedema
26.9
6.2
8
*
CS434
NOMESCO Finland
Visual field testing with Humphrey automated perimetry
4.0
6.2
23
59
H26.3
ICD-10 Finland
Drug-induced cataract
12.7
6.1
10
8
Z3226
NOMESCO Finland
Physiotherapist
1.7
6.0
132
843
Mortality – FinRegistry
↥Association
Association between endpoint MACULAR_CYST and mortality.
Females
| Parameter | HR [95% CI] | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| MACULAR_CYST | 0.698 [0.53, 0.92] | 0.01 |
| Birth year | 1.001 [0.99, 1.01] | 0.778 |
During the follow-up period (1.1.1998 — 31.12.2019), 119 out of 1473 females with MACULAR_CYST died.
Males
| Parameter | HR [95% CI] | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| MACULAR_CYST | 0.688 [0.5, 0.94] | 0.018 |
| Birth year | 0.988 [0.98, 1.0] | 0.014 |
During the follow-up period (1.1.1998 — 31.12.2019), 104 out of 1084 males with MACULAR_CYST died.
Mortality risk
Mortality risk for people of age
years, who have MACULAR_CYST.| N-year risk | Females | Males |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.079% | 0.103% |
| 5 | 0.537% | 0.804% |
| 10 | 1.258% | 1.964% |
| 15 | 2.398% | 4.017% |
| 20 | 4.339% | 6.824% |
Relationships between endpoints
↥Index endpoint: MACULAR_CYST – Macular cyst
GWS hits: 2
Endpoint
Case Overlap
Survival Analysis
Genetic Correlations
Genetic Signals
N (Jaccard index)
HR [CI]
Extremity
rg [CI]
Extremity
Hits
Coloc Hits
FinRegistry
FinnGen
FinRegistry
FinnGen
FinnGen
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