erythema multiforme: Erythema multiforme (EM) refers to a group ofhypersensitivity disorders characterized by symmetric red, patchy lesions, primarily on the arms and legs. The cause is unknown, but EM frequently occurs in association with herpes simplex virus , suggesting an immunologic process initiated by the virus. In half of the cases, the triggering agents appear to be medications, including anticonvulsants, sulfonamides, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and other antibiotics. In addition, some cases appear to be associated with infectious organisms such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and many viral agents. Erythema multiforme is the mildest of three skin disorders that are often discussed in relation to each other. It is generally the mildest of the three. More severe is Stevens-Johnson syndrome . The most severe of the three is toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).
Endpoint definition
↥
Endpoint definition steps |
FinnGen |
|---|---|
Phenotype data |
520210 |
1. Apply sex-specific ruleNone |
520210 |
2. Check conditionsNone |
520210 |
3. Check pre-conditions, main-only, mode, registry filtersRegistry filters:
2 out of 7 registries used, show all original rules. |
854 |
4. Check minimum number of eventsNone |
854 |
5. Include endpointsNone |
854 |
6. Filter based on genotype QC (FinnGen only) |
854 |
Control definitions (FinnGen only)
- Control exclude
- L12_URTICARIAERYTHEMA
Extra metadata
- Level in the ICD hierarchy
- 3
- First used in FinnGen datafreeze
- DF2
- Parent code in ICD-10
- L50-L54
- Name in latin
- Erythema multiforme
Similar endpoints
↥List of similar endpoints to
Erythema multiforme
based on the number of shared cases.
Similar with more cases:
- Urticaria and erythema
- Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
- Any event in hilmo or specialist outpatient
- Any prescribed medicine buy
Similar with less cases:
None
Case counts by codes
↥
Summary Statistics
↥-FinRegistry-
Key figures
| All | Female | Male | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of individuals | |||
| Whole population | 7231 | 3832 | 3367 |
| Only index persons | 6249 | 3374 | 2875 |
| Unadjusted period prevalence (%) | |||
| Whole population | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.09 |
| Only index persons | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.11 |
| Median age at first event (years) | |||
| Whole population | 43.65 | 47.82 | 38.77 |
| Only index persons | 42.72 | 46.91 | 37.82 |
-FinnGen-
Key figures
| All | Female | Male | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of individuals | 854 | 528 | 326 |
| Unadjusted period prevalence (%) | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.14 |
| Median age at first event (years) | 48.51 | 45.21 | 53.85 |
-FinRegistry-
Age distribution of first events
-FinnGen-
Age distribution of first events
-FinRegistry-
Year distribution of first events
-FinnGen-
Year distribution of first events
-FinRegistry-
Cumulative Incidence Function
-FinnGen-
Cumulative Incidence Function
CodeWAS (R11)
↥CodeWAS is a tool for exploring the associations between an endpoint and all of the medical codes and drug codes.
This is a new tool, please reach out using the contact form for feedback and improvement ideas.
First, a cohort is built by matching controls to the endpoint cases using year of birth and sex. Then, a Fisher test is done for all the medical codes and drug codes between the cases and controls of this cohort. Codes are reported in the table below if they have −log10(p-value) ≥ 6.
Matched cohort
- Matched cases
- 775
- Matched controls
- 7751
Code
Vocabulary
Description
Odds Ratio
-log10(p)
N matched cases
N matched controls
L51.9
ICD-10 Finland
Erythema multiforme, unspecified
4220.7
323.3
289
*
L51.0
ICD-10 Finland
Nonbullous erythema multiforme
2118.1
174.8
163
*
L51.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other erythema multiforme
+∞
136.6
127
*
L51.1
ICD-10 Finland
Bullous erythema multiforme
+∞
99.1
93
*
H02AB06
ATC
prednisolone; systemic
4.0
71.5
512
2539
TQX10
NOMESCO Finland
Biopsy of skin and subcutaneous tissue
6.8
66.8
187
348
6951A
ICD-9 Finland
Erythematous conditions, Erythema multiforme[ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME]
+∞
66.6
63
*
L51.19
ICD-10 Finland
Other bullous erythema multiforme
+∞
57.0
54
*
L51.10
ICD-10 Finland
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
+∞
38.9
37
*
L30.9
ICD-10 Finland
Dermatitis, unspecified
3.5
38.2
214
766
Z01.5
ICD-10 Finland
Diagnostic skin and sensitization tests
4.4
31.2
121
310
L50.9
ICD-10 Finland
Urticaria, unspecified
14.8
29.7
50
36
L27.0
ICD-10 Finland
Generalized skin eruption due to drugs and medicaments
14.9
29.2
49
35
D07AC01
ATC
betamethasone; topical
2.5
28.0
312
1667
69510
ICD-8 Finland
Erythematous condition, Eetodermosis multiformis (syndroma Stevens-Johnson)
+∞
27.2
26
*
D07AB08
ATC
desonide; topical
3.6
26.4
132
421
P01BA02
ATC
hydroxychloroquine; oral
3.7
22.0
102
304
R06AE07
ATC
cetirizine; oral
2.1
21.8
378
2404
J05AB11
ATC
valaciclovir; oral
3.0
21.3
136
514
L51
ICD-10 Finland
Erythema multiforme
+∞
20.9
20
*
J05AB01
ATC
aciclovir; systemic
2.5
20.7
200
963
GD1AA
NOMESCO Finland
Thorax X-ray examination
2.0
18.5
348
2234
D07AB02
ATC
hydrocortisone butyrate; topical
2.2
18.2
243
1354
H02AB07
ATC
prednisone; oral
2.6
18.2
142
605
6951B
ICD-9 Finland
Erythematous conditions, Erythema multiforme[SYNDROMA STEVENS-JOHNSON]
+∞
17.8
17
*
A12AX
ATC
Calcium, combinations with vitamin D and/or other drugs
2.1
17.7
264
1537
L04AX01
ATC
azathioprine; systemic
4.3
17.2
65
161
R21
ICD-10 Finland
Rash and other nonspecific skin eruption
4.4
17.1
63
152
D07AC13
ATC
mometasone; topical
2.1
17.0
242
1379
D07AA02
ATC
hydrocortisone; topical
2.6
16.9
135
581
L50.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other urticaria
35.9
16.7
21
6
E000001
ATC
NA
2.3
16.7
188
963
E0000UV
ATC
NA
1.9
16.3
318
2043
L51.2
ICD-10 Finland
Toxic epidermal necrolysis [Lyell]
+∞
15.7
15
*
202
Kela drug reimbursment
Connective tissue diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and comparable disease
2.7
15.0
110
449
L50.0
ICD-10 Finland
Allergic urticaria
12.8
15.0
26
21
R50.9
ICD-10 Finland
Fever, unspecified
2.4
14.3
127
574
XQ802
NOMESCO Finland
Epicutan test
4.6
14.1
49
112
TQW80
NOMESCO Finland
Local dermatologic skincare
5.8
13.3
37
66
L04AX03
ATC
methotrexate; systemic (immunosuppressants)
2.7
12.0
88
357
D07BB04
ATC
hydrocortisone butyrate and antiseptics; topical
2.3
11.5
114
543
J01FF01
ATC
clindamycin; systemic
1.9
11.4
212
1302
K12.10
ICD-10 Finland
Stomatitis NOS
14.1
11.0
18
13
R03AC02
ATC
salbutamol; inhalant
1.6
10.4
396
3005
JN3AE
NOMESCO Finland
Abdominal ultrasound examination
2.2
10.3
109
535
R06AX27
ATC
desloratadine; oral
1.8
10.3
207
1302
R06AE09
ATC
levocetirizine; oral
2.1
10.1
116
592
DM1QA
NOMESCO Finland
Paranasal sinuses X-ray examination in one projection
3.5
10.1
46
137
L50.3
ICD-10 Finland
Dermatographic urticaria
40.6
10.0
12
*
SPAT1263
SPAT
Sampling
1.7
9.8
314
2263
J01DB01
ATC
cefalexin; oral
1.8
9.7
614
5307
B00.10
ICD-10 Finland
Herpes simplex facialis
13.6
9.7
16
12
T78.4
ICD-10 Finland
Allergy, unspecified
3.6
9.7
42
120
XQ848
NOMESCO Finland
Dermatological photography
4.6
9.5
32
72
GD1QA
NOMESCO Finland
Supine thorax X-ray examination
2.1
9.4
109
555
L12.9
ICD-10 Finland
Pemphigoid, unspecified
30.4
9.4
12
*
H02AB09
ATC
hydrocortisone; systemic
5.1
9.3
28
56
H02AB04
ATC
methylprednisolone; systemic
2.1
9.3
114
595
A02BC02
ATC
pantoprazole; systemic
1.6
9.1
459
3687
L04AA06
ATC
mycophenolic acid; systemic
5.7
9.1
25
45
XQ800
NOMESCO Finland
Prick test
2.6
9.1
64
255
L01BA01
ATC
methotrexate; systemic (folic acid analog.)
3.4
9.1
42
127
L13.9
ICD-10 Finland
Bullous disorder, unspecified
15.8
9.1
14
9
M05BA04
ATC
alendronic acid; oral
2.6
8.9
66
269
J01MA12
ATC
levofloxacin; systemic
1.9
8.9
139
798
M32.9
ICD-10 Finland
Systemic lupus erythematosus, unspecified
8.1
8.9
19
24
L93.1
ICD-10 Finland
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
50.6
8.7
10
*
JN1AE
NOMESCO Finland
Ultrasound examination of upper part of abdomen
2.4
8.7
74
328
L12.0
ICD-10 Finland
Bullous pemphigoid
10.2
8.6
16
16
A07AA02
ATC
nystatin; oral
2.8
8.4
53
197
B00.11
ICD-10 Finland
Herpes simplex labialis
6.8
8.4
20
30
D02AX
ATC
Other emollients and protectives
3.8
8.2
33
89
GD1PA
NOMESCO Finland
X-ray examination of the lungs in one projection
2.4
7.8
64
279
N02AX02
ATC
tramadol; systemic, rectal
1.6
7.8
295
2182
J01FA06
ATC
roxithromycin; oral
1.6
7.8
296
2188
A02BC03
ATC
lansoprazole; oral
1.7
7.8
205
1381
N02AE01
ATC
buprenorphine; parenteral, sublingual, transdermal
2.1
7.7
91
468
AA1AD
NOMESCO Finland
CT of head and brain
1.7
7.7
164
1037
WXQ27
NOMESCO Finland
UVB narrow spectrum light therapy
9.0
7.6
15
17
D07BA04
ATC
hydrocortisone and antiseptics; topical
2.1
7.5
85
427
N05CF01
ATC
zopiclone; oral
1.6
7.4
235
1657
T88.7
ICD-10 Finland
Unspecified adverse effect of drug or medicament
5.4
7.4
21
40
M14.8*L51.9
ICD-10 Finland
Arthropathy in erythema: multiforme
+∞
7.3
7
*
NK4XE
NOMESCO Finland
Joint ultrasound examination not elsewhere classified
2.4
7.3
59
254
J01.0
ICD-10 Finland
Acute maxillary sinusitis
1.7
7.2
157
996
L27.1
ICD-10 Finland
Localized skin eruption due to drugs and medicaments
15.9
7.2
11
7
GD1UA
NOMESCO Finland
Thorax X-ray examination outside radiological department
1.9
7.2
102
562
D05BB02
ATC
acitretin; oral
5.1
7.1
21
42
L52
ICD-10 Finland
Erythema nodosum
20.2
7.1
10
5
M35.0
ICD-10 Finland
Sicca syndrome [Sjögren]
4.6
7.1
23
51
Z01.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other specified special examinations
1.7
7.1
151
956
281
Kela drug reimbursment
Abatacept, adalimumab, anakinra, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, ixekizumab, sarilumab, secukinumab and tocilizumab
3.6
7.1
30
86
D07AD01
ATC
clobetasol; topical
1.9
7.0
112
648
M35.9
ICD-10 Finland
Systemic involvement of connective tissue, unspecified
6.4
7.0
17
27
D01AC20
ATC
imidazoles/triazoles in combination with corticosteroids; topical
1.7
6.9
160
1037
A01AB09
ATC
miconazole; local oral
2.2
6.8
70
341
M32.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other forms of systemic lupus erythematosus
11.1
6.8
12
11
J01MA14
ATC
moxifloxacin; systemic
2.2
6.8
67
321
J06.9
ICD-10 Finland
Acute upper respiratory infection, unspecified
1.5
6.8
314
2412
L53.9
ICD-10 Finland
Erythematous condition, unspecified
16.9
6.8
10
6
J01DA01
ATC
[U] cefalexin; systemic
1.5
6.7
460
3839
F60.30
ICD-10 Finland
Emotionally unstable personality disorder, impulsive
4.5
6.7
22
50
L04AD01
ATC
ciclosporin; systemic
4.5
6.7
22
50
NA3AA
NOMESCO Finland
Lumbar spine X-ray examination without contrast
2.2
6.7
68
328
S29
ICPC
Skin symptom/complaint other
1.8
6.6
117
700
N05BB01
ATC
hydroxyzine; systemic
2.4
6.5
55
243
TNX10
NOMESCO Finland
Arthrocentesis, unspecified region, unspecified region
2.3
6.5
55
245
M25.5
ICD-10 Finland
Pain in joint
1.6
6.5
195
1351
NA3BG
NOMESCO Finland
Lumbar spine MRI examination with high intensity magnet
2.1
6.5
69
340
K12.18
ICD-10 Finland
Other forms of stomatitis
7.5
6.4
14
19
DM1AA
NOMESCO Finland
Paranasal sinuses X-ray examination without contrast
3.2
6.4
31
99
Z01.0
ICD-10 Finland
Examination of eyes and vision
1.8
6.4
115
692
Y57
ICD-10 Finland
Adverse effects in the therapeutic use of other and unspecified drugs and medicaments
4.1
6.3
23
58
L29.9
ICD-10 Finland
Pruritus, unspecified
4.2
6.2
22
54
7100A
ICD-9 Finland
Diffuse diseases of connective tissue, Systemic lupus erythematosus
26.9
6.2
8
*
GD1DD
NOMESCO Finland
High resolution CT examination of lungs
2.8
6.2
37
136
A02BA02
ATC
ranitidine; systemic
1.7
6.2
134
849
L04AB04
ATC
adalimumab; parenteral
3.8
6.1
24
65
N03AG01
ATC
valproic acid; systemic, rectal
2.4
6.1
49
211
L95.9
ICD-10 Finland
Vasculitis limited to skin, unspecified
12.6
6.1
10
8
313
Kela drug reimbursment
Abatacept, adalimumab, anakinra, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, ixekizumab, sarilumab, secukinumab, tocilizumab and ustekinumab (rheumatoid diseases)
3.2
6.1
29
92
QXA50
NOMESCO Finland
Skin cryotherapy, unspecified location
10.1
6.0
11
11
M05.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other seropositive rheumatoid arthritis
2.5
6.0
43
175
A46
ICD-10 Finland
Erysipelas
1.8
6.0
97
562
JN3AA
NOMESCO Finland
Abdominal X-ray examination without contrast
2.8
6.0
36
133
Mortality – FinRegistry
↥Association
Association between endpoint L12_ERYTHEMAMULTIF and mortality.
Females
| Parameter | HR [95% CI] | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| L12_ERYTHEMAMULTIF | 1.578 [1.37, 1.82] | < 0.001 |
| Birth year | 0.992 [0.98, 1.0] | 0.068 |
During the follow-up period (1.1.1998 — 31.12.2019), 521 out of 2889 females with L12_ERYTHEMAMULTIF died.
Males
| Parameter | HR [95% CI] | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| L12_ERYTHEMAMULTIF | 1.557 [1.32, 1.83] | < 0.001 |
| Birth year | 0.982 [0.97, 0.99] | < 0.001 |
During the follow-up period (1.1.1998 — 31.12.2019), 415 out of 2388 males with L12_ERYTHEMAMULTIF died.
Mortality risk
Mortality risk for people of age
years, who have L12_ERYTHEMAMULTIF.| N-year risk | Females | Males |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.167% | 0.238% |
| 5 | 0.852% | 1.464% |
| 10 | 2.022% | 3.826% |
| 15 | 3.886% | 7.226% |
| 20 | 6.825% | 12.223% |
Relationships between endpoints
↥Index endpoint: L12_ERYTHEMAMULTIF – Erythema multiforme
GWS hits: -
Endpoint
Case Overlap
Survival Analysis
Genetic Correlations
Genetic Signals
N (Jaccard index)
HR [CI]
Extremity
rg [CI]
Extremity
Hits
Coloc Hits
FinRegistry
FinnGen
FinRegistry
FinnGen
FinnGen
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