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This is a non-core endpoint: only basic statistics are computed.

See these related core endpoints for full statistics:

Right side

Z21_RIGHT_SIDE

Endpoint definition

Report an error or suggest an improvement for this endpoint codes

Endpoint definition steps

FinnGen

Phenotype data

519972

1. Apply sex-specific rule

None

519972

2. Check conditions

None

519972

3. Check pre-conditions, main-only, mode, registry filters

Registry filters:

  • Hospital discharge: ICD-10 ZB0.1
  • Cause of death: ICD-10 ZB0.1

2 out of 7 registries used, show all original rules.

190

4. Check minimum number of events

None

190

5. Include endpoints

None

190

6. Filter based on genotype QC (FinnGen only)

185

Control definitions (FinnGen only)

Control exclude
Z21_ADDIT_CODES_LOCAT_DEFECT_INJURY_ILLNE

Extra metadata

Level in the ICD hierarchy
3
First used in FinnGen datafreeze
DF4
Parent code in ICD-10
Z[AB]

Case counts by codes

FinnGen case counts by registry codes:

generic upset plot

Upset plot

Full data table

Summary Statistics

-FinRegistry-

This endpoint is excluded from FinRegistry analyses (omitted endpoint).

-FinnGen-

Key figures

All Female Male
Number of individuals 185 95 90
Unadjusted period prevalence (%) 0.04 0.03 0.04
Median age at first event (years) 71.24 72.07 70.36

-FinnGen-

Age distribution of first events

-FinnGen-

Year distribution of first events

-FinnGen-

Cumulative Incidence Function

Not a core endpoint, no data to show.

CodeWAS

CodeWAS is a tool for exploring the associations between an endpoint and all of the medical codes and drug codes.

This is a new tool, please reach out using the contact form for feedback and improvement ideas.

First, a cohort is built by matching controls to the endpoint cases using year of birth and sex. Then, a Fisher test is done for all the medical codes and drug codes between the cases and controls of this cohort. Codes are reported in the table below if they have −log10(p-value) ≥ 6.

Matched cohort

Matched cases
190
Matched controls
1900
Code
Vocabulary
Description
Odds Ratio
-log10(p)
N matched cases
N matched controls
ZB0.1
ICD-10 Finland
Right side
+∞
268.7
188
*
WX111
NOMESCO Finland
Local infiltration anesthesia
30.1
102.4
77
42
NF1BA
NOMESCO Finland
Hip extensive X-ray examination
17.4
62.9
59
48
B01AB10
ATC
tinzaparin; parenteral
10.3
54.9
83
133
M17.1
ICD-10 Finland
Other primary gonarthrosis
9.8
54.6
130
345
R2130
NOMESCO Finland
Counselling and guidance which enhance independent living
10.1
50.0
73
111
Z50.1
ICD-10 Finland
Other physical therapy
12.5
46.8
53
57
SPAT1212
SPAT
Extensive examination of musculoskeletal system
9.6
43.7
63
93
Z25.8
ICD-10 Finland
Need for immunization against other specified single viral diseases
9.0
43.4
68
111
M16.1
ICD-10 Finland
Other primary coxarthrosis
7.2
38.8
81
178
NFB30
NOMESCO Finland
Primary total prosthetic replacement of hip joint not using cement
8.5
36.1
56
89
NG1AA
NOMESCO Finland
Knee X-ray examination without contrast
6.8
35.5
77
174
NGB20
NOMESCO Finland
Primary total prosthetic replacement of knee joint without patellar part
6.4
31.3
68
152
U07.2
ICD-10 Finland
COVID-19, virus not identified
6.1
24.9
53
114
WX320
NOMESCO Finland
Spinalanesthesy
4.4
22.4
94
349
ZB0.0
ICD-10 Finland
Left side
+∞
19.1
18
*
R4135
NOMESCO Finland
Rehabilitation for hearing problems
17.8
18.7
29
19
Z3231
NOMESCO Finland
Registered nurse
3.7
17.4
92
387
ZXE00
NOMESCO Finland
One hour or less
0.1
17.1
7
546
M01AH05
ATC
etoricoxib; oral
4.7
17.0
155
926
ZXD10
NOMESCO Finland
Scheduled procedure
0.1
15.8
8
540
215
Kela drug reimbursment
Diabetes, non-insulin-treated
3.3
14.7
88
392
SPAT1230
SPAT
Aid fitting and borrowing and monitoring of use
3.5
13.4
59
215
A10BA02
ATC
metformin; oral
3.1
13.1
93
451
103
Kela drug reimbursment
Diabetes, insulin-treated
3.0
12.6
88
421
B01AF01
ATC
rivaroxaban; oral
3.4
12.2
56
209
Z2221
NOMESCO Finland
Medical doctor
0.1
11.5
*
348
M76.4
ICD-10 Finland
Tibial collateral bursitis [Pellegrini-Stieda]
26.9
11.3
15
6
SPAT1324
SPAT
Screening procedure
3.7
9.6
34
106
SPAT1059
SPAT
Spirometry at the office
4.5
9.6
25
62
M17
ICD-10 Finland
Gonarthrosis [arthrosis of knee]
3.1
9.4
47
182
E11.9
ICD-10 Finland
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, without complications
2.6
8.8
76
391
SPAT1250
SPAT
Comprehensive monitoring of chronic illness
2.5
8.5
79
419
SPAT1262
SPAT
Handing over of treatment supplies
2.7
8.1
53
236
A10BK01
ATC
dapagliflozin; oral
3.6
7.9
28
87
E11
ICD-10 Finland
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
2.6
7.8
55
254
FM1AE
NOMESCO Finland
Standard cardiac ultrasound examination
2.5
7.6
60
292
B01AB05
ATC
enoxaparin; parenteral
2.3
7.5
90
529
XQ845
NOMESCO Finland
Dermatoscopy
10.0
7.4
14
15
WX408
NOMESCO Finland
General anesthesy, balanced
0.2
7.4
9
363
TPH04
NOMESCO Finland
Cathetrisation of vein
2.4
7.3
63
320
A28
ICPC
Limited function/disability NOS
0.1
7.1
*
267
N02BE01
ATC
paracetamol; systemic, rectal
5.2
6.9
183
1585
WX720
NOMESCO Finland
Own respiration
4.5
6.7
17
41
WX404
NOMESCO Finland
Intravenous generell anesthesy
0.1
6.7
*
255
XCW10
NOMESCO Finland
Assessment of vision
12.9
6.7
11
9
Z3229
NOMESCO Finland
Other healthcare associate professional
3.2
6.6
28
97
D82
ICPC
Teeth/gum disease
0.2
6.6
13
442
E66.00
ICD-10 Finland
Metabolic syndrome
4.0
6.5
19
51
SPAT1099
SPAT
Measurement of blood pressure with Doppler ultrasound device
5.6
6.5
18
35
M16
ICD-10 Finland
Coxarthrosis [arthrosis of hip]
3.9
6.4
19
52
A10BH01
ATC
sitagliptin; oral
2.8
6.3
36
148
SCB01
NOMESCO Finland
Instructions for self-performed oral hygiene, short
18.8
6.3
9
5
N02AE01
ATC
buprenorphine; parenteral, sublingual, transdermal
2.5
6.2
45
209
ZXE10
NOMESCO Finland
More than one and less than three hours
0.3
6.1
21
529

LabWAS

OMOP Concept
People with measurements
Mean N measurements
Mean measured value
(ID) Name
N Cases
N Controls
OR
-log10(p)
cases
controls
cases
controls
unit
-log10(p)
N cases
N controls
143
61
91.73
220.90
4.9
5.6
—
—
—
0
0
149
101
64.73
190.41
5.1
4.4
—
—
—
0
0
59
31
27.15
78.62
2.5
3.3
—
—
—
0
0
59
31
27.15
78.62
2.5
3.3
105.95
106.23
mmol/l
0.12
59
31
59
31
27.15
78.62
2.5
3.3
4.07
3.95
mmol/l
0.96
59
31
179
569
38.07
68.14
7.4
4.3
—
—
—
0
0
162
465
17.85
66.71
5.8
3.8
—
—
—
0
0
69
74
14.07
62.08
3.0
4.9
0.70
0.87
%
2.76
69
69
69
74
14.07
62.08
3.0
4.8
1.50
1.59
%
0.27
69
68
95
160
10.88
61.01
4.0
2.9
4.24
4.31
kpa
0.15
95
153
95
189
9.05
51.79
4.0
3.7
1.98
2.02
mmol/l
0.04
77
158
95
189
9.05
51.79
4.0
3.7
5.55
5.70
kpa
0.80
95
184
45
49
11.72
39.06
5.4
4.8
21.34
33.27
mg/l
1.51
39
32
143
545
7.56
37.61
6.5
3.4
—
—
—
0
0
170
790
11.94
35.43
2.7
2.6
—
—
—
0
0
7
848
0.05
34.56
3.1
6.0
1.22
1.21
mmol/l
—
7
776
59
105
7.70
34.23
2.5
2.6
0.77
0.65
%
2.00
59
105
59
111
7.26
32.35
2.5
2.6
1.08
1.16
%
0.21
59
111
62
134
6.38
29.38
3.4
4.3
0.40
0.13
%
—
10
45
167
860
8.78
28.05
6.8
4.0
0.00
0.01
estimate
0.50
24
177
62
150
5.65
25.72
3.5
4.1
1.09
1.00
%
0.05
11
61
122
515
4.82
25.12
2.3
3.2
0.10
0.55
e6/l
4.23
115
378
131
585
4.99
25.00
4.0
3.4
—
—
—
0
0
126
564
4.66
23.51
2.6
3.4
25.09
52.99
e6/l
1.08
118
430
53
128
5.36
21.74
3.3
4.3
1.50
0.47
%
—
6
46
53
128
5.36
21.74
3.5
4.5
0.17
0.05
%
—
6
42
98
400
3.99
19.97
1.2
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
129
645
4.11
19.29
2.9
4.0
102.40
73.28
e6/l
0.25
123
462
166
1040
5.72
17.11
5.2
4.9
7.10
6.87
mmol/l
0.68
156
980
70
261
3.66
15.67
2.9
6.3
105.54
103.44
mmol/l
3.41
70
261
53
165
4.07
15.39
3.1
4.3
1.24
1.23
mmol/l
1.31
48
149
113
592
3.24
14.18
5.2
3.9
5.14
8.13
mg/mmol
0.50
106
376
43
122
4.26
14.07
7.2
2.4
—
—
—
0
0
60
1127
0.32
12.48
6.0
4.8
—
304.27
—
0
26
85
405
2.99
12.14
1.7
1.8
383.88
450.91
pmol/l
1.70
73
326
101
559
2.72
10.47
1.8
2.5
—
—
—
0
0
160
1149
3.49
9.72
5.9
4.6
—
—
—
0
0
32
100
3.65
8.97
2.6
2.5
—
—
—
0
0
167
1265
3.64
8.57
4.5
4.3
11.38
13.97
mm/h
1.78
156
1146
190
1711
+∞
7.91
19.6
19.7
140.15
139.66
mmol/l
2.54
190
1665
10
445
0.18
7.90
7.6
3.8
87.80
88.55
%
—
10
435
190
1715
+∞
7.69
19.2
19.9
4.05
3.99
mmol/l
2.43
190
1669
190
1721
+∞
7.51
22.9
20.2
82.55
80.29
umol/l
0.61
190
1721
11
439
0.20
7.28
1.5
7.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
162
0.00
6.70
0.0
3.5
—
—
—
0
0
0
163
0.00
6.68
0.0
4.2
—
—
—
0
0
115
800
2.11
5.81
2.7
4.5
38.10
34.92
g/l
6.96
115
755
36
692
0.41
5.67
1.9
2.2
—
—
—
0
0
12
383
0.27
5.27
3.3
2.7
6.63
4.79
e6/l
0.54
12
347
190
1775
+∞
5.14
28.8
24.3
134.16
134.55
g/l
0.13
190
1741
190
1775
+∞
5.14
28.5
24.2
7.06
6.73
e9/l
1.08
190
1718
190
1775
+∞
5.14
28.3
24.2
4.44
4.45
e12/l
0.04
190
1716
190
1775
+∞
5.14
28.3
24.1
90.74
91.67
fl
2.35
190
1744
190
1774
+∞
5.13
28.3
24.2
251.42
244.24
e9/l
0.99
190
1723
190
1774
+∞
5.13
28.2
24.1
30.24
30.47
pg
1.03
190
1743
21
492
0.36
5.05
2.8
3.1
—
—
—
0
0
11
16
7.22
5.03
1.3
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
107
759
1.94
4.75
5.2
4.0
20.15
38.52
ng/l
2.39
92
579
182
1633
3.72
4.59
7.1
5.1
6.81
6.11
mmol/l
6.90
182
1470
106
759
1.90
4.48
1.9
2.0
93.89
95.12
pmol/l
0.14
75
380
175
1509
3.02
4.42
5.2
4.8
2.06
2.02
mu/l
0.20
175
1342
6
227
0.24
4.28
1.2
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
12
344
0.30
4.24
1.7
3.8
20.17
218.07
ng/l
—
6
292
0
102
0.00
3.95
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
7
229
0.28
3.79
1.3
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
23
100
2.48
3.60
1.1
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
11
28
4.10
3.34
1.1
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
5
185
0.25
3.32
1.2
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
0
82
0.00
3.22
0.0
4.1
—
—
—
0
0
58
378
1.77
3.09
2.4
1.8
0.98
1.39
mg/l
1.21
53
312
22
105
2.24
2.82
1.1
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
8
19
4.35
2.71
1.1
2.7
—
—
—
0
0
0
68
0.00
2.66
0.0
2.0
—
—
—
0
0
23
416
0.49
2.66
8.6
3.8
—
—
—
0
0
9
211
0.40
2.38
1.2
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
0
61
0.00
2.28
0.0
9.7
—
—
—
0
0
12
51
2.44
1.99
2.0
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
5
139
0.34
1.98
2.2
2.7
46.80
182.93
ng/l
—
5
123
73
555
1.51
1.98
2.8
3.2
30.25
165.96
mg/l
0.63
39
363
5
11
4.64
1.95
1.4
2.4
12.79
14.28
umol/l
—
5
11
5
11
4.64
1.95
1.2
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
6
150
0.38
1.87
1.7
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
14
67
2.18
1.81
1.1
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
10
42
2.46
1.64
1.2
3.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
43
0.00
1.54
0.0
2.5
—
—
—
0
0
0
44
0.00
1.53
0.0
2.1
—
—
—
0
0
0
44
0.00
1.53
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
6
21
2.92
1.52
1.2
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
9
40
2.31
1.42
1.7
2.3
—
—
—
0
0
7
150
0.45
1.38
1.0
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
0
38
0.00
1.36
0.0
1.8
—
60.67
—
0
38
0
39
0.00
1.35
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
6
24
2.55
1.31
1.2
1.4
0.72
0.48
nmol/l
—
6
19
39
282
1.48
1.31
2.7
2.4
2.51
2.29
g/l
2.05
39
257
39
282
1.48
1.31
2.7
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
8
151
0.51
1.20
1.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
29
201
1.52
1.19
1.3
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
0
33
0.00
1.17
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
33
0.00
1.17
0.0
3.5
—
—
—
0
0
0
33
0.00
1.17
0.0
2.3
—
5.16
—
0
33
0
33
0.00
1.17
0.0
2.8
—
63.00
—
0
33
7
139
0.48
1.14
1.7
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
27
375
0.67
1.09
2.4
3.0
0.98
0.75
ug/l
1.42
20
264
92
790
1.32
1.09
5.4
6.4
—
—
—
0
0
146
1342
1.38
1.07
7.0
8.0
83.91
81.21
u/l
0.33
141
1248
102
891
1.31
1.06
16.3
15.4
1.45
1.28
inr
0.74
25
248
5
23
2.20
0.98
1.2
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
0
29
0.00
0.98
0.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
0
30
0.00
0.98
0.0
1.8
—
88.96
—
0
30
0
31
0.00
0.97
0.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
7
37
1.93
0.95
1.1
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
29
214
1.42
0.89
2.7
4.8
27.83
26.77
ug/l
0.01
24
185
13
80
1.67
0.87
1.3
1.1
200.00
137.50
iu/ml
—
6
30
39
306
1.35
0.84
3.1
2.4
13.34
12.38
umol/l
0.38
39
283
8
47
1.73
0.81
1.0
5.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
24
0.00
0.79
0.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
0
24
0.00
0.79
0.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
0
24
0.00
0.79
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
24
0.00
0.79
0.0
1.1
—
278.18
—
0
17
0
25
0.00
0.79
0.0
4.6
—
—
—
0
0
0
27
0.00
0.78
0.0
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
0
28
0.00
0.76
0.0
9.6
—
6.33
—
0
22
11
166
0.64
0.68
2.1
7.9
—
—
—
0
0
17
233
0.70
0.66
1.1
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
34
273
1.30
0.64
2.7
2.4
23.68
21.15
%
0.53
34
241
104
948
1.21
0.64
5.8
6.7
9.62
11.54
umol/l
2.50
98
896
9
141
0.62
0.63
1.4
2.1
12.92
10.41
g/l
—
9
124
0
20
0.00
0.60
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
21
0.00
0.60
0.0
2.9
—
—
—
0
0
0
21
0.00
0.60
0.0
2.8
—
3.48
—
0
21
21
159
1.36
0.58
2.6
2.0
381.57
388.61
nmol/l
0.07
21
149
6
40
1.52
0.52
1.8
2.8
—
—
—
0
0
8
117
0.67
0.47
1.0
1.8
0.91
1.47
g/l
—
8
105
63
561
1.18
0.47
2.8
3.1
7.25
7.29
mmol/l
0.03
50
455
13
94
1.41
0.47
3.2
3.2
70.08
1731.62
u/ml
0.56
13
77
28
338
0.80
0.47
1.1
1.2
0.76
0.87
u/ml
0.21
14
101
5
32
1.58
0.42
1.6
1.1
16.77
9.87
u/l
—
5
25
0
15
0.00
0.41
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
15
0.00
0.41
0.0
2.4
—
45.20
—
0
10
0
15
0.00
0.41
0.0
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
0
16
0.00
0.41
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
16
0.00
0.41
0.0
1.8
—
12.12
—
0
16
30
252
1.23
0.41
1.4
1.3
0.99
14.23
u/ml
1.63
22
88
0
17
0.00
0.41
0.0
2.3
—
—
—
0
0
32
271
1.22
0.41
1.3
1.3
22.00
46.14
iu/ml
—
10
95
0
18
0.00
0.40
0.0
2.8
—
—
—
0
0
0
18
0.00
0.40
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
15
116
1.32
0.38
4.3
1.9
6.66
13.90
nmol/l
3.78
15
104
9
71
1.28
0.36
1.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
5
76
0.65
0.36
1.0
2.0
55.60
386.78
ug/l
—
5
69
14
174
0.79
0.31
1.0
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
8
65
1.24
0.27
1.0
4.1
32.55
33.95
mg/l
—
8
49
8
65
1.24
0.27
1.0
4.1
45.05
171.10
mg/l
—
8
49
0
11
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
0
11
0.00
0.21
0.0
2.1
—
—
—
0
0
0
11
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
0
10
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.9
—
—
—
0
0
0
10
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.4
—
26.38
—
0
10
0
10
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
12
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
12
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.9
—
—
—
0
0
0
12
0.00
0.21
0.0
2.1
—
8.41
—
0
12
0
12
0.00
0.21
0.0
2.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
13
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
13
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
13
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
13
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
13
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
14
0.00
0.20
0.0
1.1
—
1.89
—
0
14
49
526
0.91
0.20
4.2
4.4
—
—
—
0
0
34
372
0.90
0.19
1.2
1.7
685.26
1214.54
nmol/l
5.45
34
279
13
111
1.18
0.16
1.2
1.3
—
34.95
—
0
11
6
79
0.75
0.16
1.0
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
54
562
0.95
0.10
1.9
2.2
160.88
182.55
u/l
0.27
49
529
5
46
1.09
0.09
1.0
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
14
152
0.91
0.06
2.9
7.3
9.56
9.83
mmol/l
0.08
14
144
39
377
1.04
0.05
6.5
4.4
1.01
1.02
kg/l
0.54
26
45
120
1214
0.97
0.04
3.7
4.4
—
—
—
0
0
15
140
1.08
0.04
1.9
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
14
144
0.97
0.00
1.4
2.1
—
—
—
0
0
24
238
1.01
0.00
3.5
5.7
1.02
1.03
mmol/l
0.06
24
223
0
8
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
9
93
0.97
-0.00
1.3
2.6
0.97
1.60
g/l
—
9
84
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
2.2
—
0.66
—
0
5
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.0
—
2.70
—
0
5
0
9
0.00
-0.00
0.0
2.0
—
73.22
—
0
9
0
7
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
0
6
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.7
—
1.78
—
0
6
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
0
9
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
3.4
—
—
—
0
0
0
7
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
0
6
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
0
7
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.9
—
0.78
—
0
7
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
6
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.4
—
59.40
—
0
5
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
6
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.5
—
41.67
—
0
6
0
7
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
0
7
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
0
5
0.00
-0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0

Mortality – FinRegistry

This endpoint is excluded from FinRegistry analyses (omitted endpoint).

Relationships between endpoints

Index endpoint: Z21_RIGHT_SIDE – Right side

GWS hits: -

This endpoint is excluded from FinRegistry analyses (omitted endpoint).