obsolete_myopia: ['A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.']
Endpoint definition
↥
Endpoint definition steps |
FinnGen |
|---|---|
Phenotype data |
520210 |
1. Apply sex-specific ruleNone |
520210 |
2. Check conditionsNone |
520210 |
3. Check pre-conditions, main-only, mode, registry filtersRegistry filters:
2 out of 7 registries used, show all original rules. |
5671 |
4. Check minimum number of eventsNone |
5671 |
5. Include endpointsNone |
5671 |
6. Filter based on genotype QC (FinnGen only) |
5671 |
Control definitions (FinnGen only)
- Control exclude
- H7_OCUMUSCLE
Extra metadata
- Level in the ICD hierarchy
- 4
- First used in FinnGen datafreeze
- DF2
- Parent code in ICD-10
- H52
- Name in latin
- Myopia
Similar endpoints
↥List of similar endpoints to
Myopia
based on the number of shared cases.
Similar with more cases:
- Disorders of refraction and accommodation
- Disorders of ocular muscles, binocular movement, accommodation and refraction
- Diseases of the eye and adnexa
- Any event in hilmo or specialist outpatient
Similar with less cases:
None
Case counts by codes
↥
Summary Statistics
↥-FinRegistry-
Key figures
| All | Female | Male | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of individuals | |||
| Whole population | 48541 | 28199 | 20125 |
| Only index persons | 43883 | 25892 | 17991 |
| Unadjusted period prevalence (%) | |||
| Whole population | 0.70 | 0.81 | 0.56 |
| Only index persons | 0.84 | 0.95 | 0.69 |
| Median age at first event (years) | |||
| Whole population | 26.98 | 31.34 | 20.76 |
| Only index persons | 28.57 | 32.28 | 23.23 |
-FinnGen-
Key figures
| All | Female | Male | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of individuals | 5671 | 3895 | 1776 |
| Unadjusted period prevalence (%) | 1.16 | 1.33 | 0.78 |
| Median age at first event (years) | 40.22 | 39.14 | 42.59 |
-FinRegistry-
Age distribution of first events
-FinnGen-
Age distribution of first events
-FinRegistry-
Year distribution of first events
-FinnGen-
Year distribution of first events
-FinRegistry-
Cumulative Incidence Function
-FinnGen-
Cumulative Incidence Function
CodeWAS (R11)
↥CodeWAS is a tool for exploring the associations between an endpoint and all of the medical codes and drug codes.
This is a new tool, please reach out using the contact form for feedback and improvement ideas.
First, a cohort is built by matching controls to the endpoint cases using year of birth and sex. Then, a Fisher test is done for all the medical codes and drug codes between the cases and controls of this cohort. Codes are reported in the table below if they have −log10(p-value) ≥ 6.
Matched cohort
- Matched cases
- 4974
- Matched controls
- 49740
Code
Vocabulary
Description
Odds Ratio
-log10(p)
N matched cases
N matched controls
H52.2
ICD-10 Finland
Astigmatism
60.8
323.0
444
80
H52.1
ICD-10 Finland
Myopia
4476.9
323.0
4780
264
CGD20
NOMESCO Finland
Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
1948.6
323.0
382
*
CGD10
NOMESCO Finland
Laser keratoplasty for error of refraction
229.4
323.0
342
16
S01XA20
ATC
artificial tears and other indifferent preparations; ophthalmic
2.9
250.9
2188
10572
XCW99
NOMESCO Finland
Other investigative procedure of eye
4.7
206.1
786
1926
S01CA01
ATC
dexamethasone and antiinfectives; ophthalmic (ophth., corticosteroids and antiinfectives in comb.)
2.8
194.7
1689
7815
Z96.1
ICD-10 Finland
Presence of intraocular lens
5.0
165.7
578
1272
CJE20
NOMESCO Finland
Phakoemulsification with implantation of artificial lens in posterior chamber
3.2
161.7
991
3582
37002
ICD-8 Finland
Refractive errors, Myopia
+∞
148.7
142
*
H52.3
ICD-10 Finland
Anisometropia and aniseikonia
112.7
140.9
153
14
Z01.0
ICD-10 Finland
Examination of eyes and vision
2.8
127.0
970
3990
XCK00
NOMESCO Finland
Perimetry
4.5
114.4
433
1023
CK2X4
NOMESCO Finland
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of ocular fundus
3.9
109.6
491
1358
H33.0
ICD-10 Finland
Retinal detachment with retinal break
9.3
107.7
232
260
H25.1
ICD-10 Finland
Senile nuclear cataract
2.8
94.7
701
2784
H50.52
ICD-10 Finland
Exophoria
58.6
92.4
109
19
H40.0
ICD-10 Finland
Glaucoma suspect
3.8
90.6
415
1164
H52.4
ICD-10 Finland
Presbyopia
8.2
90.0
208
262
H26.4
ICD-10 Finland
After-cataract
4.3
89.8
359
890
3671A
ICD-9 Finland
Disorders of refraction and accommodation, Myopia
+∞
87.8
84
*
H26.02
ICD-10 Finland
Presenil cataract
6.9
85.2
222
335
CJB10
NOMESCO Finland
Laser discission of secondary cataract
4.4
85.1
326
775
H33.3
ICD-10 Finland
Retinal breaks without detachment
6.1
80.5
229
389
FEMTO
NOMESCO Finland
NA
403.9
80.1
80
*
H50.0
ICD-10 Finland
Convergent concomitant strabismus
770.2
77.5
76
*
ZXA10
NOMESCO Finland
Bilateral
2.2
70.2
852
4322
H50.31
ICD-10 Finland
Intermittent exotropia
125.2
69.0
74
6
CEC10
NOMESCO Finland
Recession and resection of extraocular muscle
656.8
66.1
65
*
S01ED51
ATC
timolol, combinations; ophthalmic
3.6
59.2
289
849
H44.2
ICD-10 Finland
Degenerative myopia
58.3
58.7
69
12
XCK10
NOMESCO Finland
Photography of fundus of eye
2.6
57.9
450
1813
114
Kela drug reimbursment
Glaucoma
3.3
57.7
316
1013
H04.10
ICD-10 Finland
Dry eye syndrome
2.5
56.4
487
2079
H50.1
ICD-10 Finland
Divergent concomitant strabismus
543.9
54.6
54
*
H35.4
ICD-10 Finland
Peripheral retinal degeneration
12.3
53.9
99
82
WX140
NOMESCO Finland
Parabulbar anesthesy
4.5
51.7
190
432
H53.1
ICD-10 Finland
Subjective visual disturbances
2.9
50.5
336
1228
CS5Z4
NOMESCO Finland
Specialised imaging for glaucoma
6.8
49.6
129
195
CKC12
NOMESCO Finland
Photocoagulation of retina
3.7
49.1
228
642
SMILE
NOMESCO Finland
NA
+∞
48.0
46
*
H25.0
ICD-10 Finland
Senile incipient cataract
3.8
47.5
210
567
H53.0
ICD-10 Finland
Amblyopia ex anopsia
10.7
47.5
93
88
H43.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other disorders of vitreous body
2.6
45.0
341
1345
H53.2
ICD-10 Finland
Diplopia
5.0
44.5
147
299
H40.13
ICD-10 Finland
Chronic glaucoma with open ventricular angle
4.0
44.4
185
475
WX100
NOMESCO Finland
Conjunctival surface anesthesia
2.7
43.8
325
1269
H26.2
ICD-10 Finland
Complicated cataract
7.7
42.0
99
130
37301
ICD-8 Finland
Strabismus, Concomitans divergens
+∞
40.7
39
*
H50.30
ICD-10 Finland
Intermittent esotropy
380.3
38.1
38
*
S01EE01
ATC
latanoprost; ophthalmic
3.2
38.1
207
660
CK2S4
NOMESCO Finland
Plain photography of ocular fundus
2.8
37.8
254
933
H50.2
ICD-10 Finland
Vertical strabismus
100.8
36.7
40
*
CHD05
NOMESCO Finland
Selective lasertrabeculoplasty
4.3
33.7
127
298
ZXA00
NOMESCO Finland
Right side
1.6
33.5
935
6166
Z3229
NOMESCO Finland
Other healthcare associate professional
2.2
33.4
363
1722
XCD10
NOMESCO Finland
Electrophysiological examination of eye
4.2
32.4
126
305
H40.11
ICD-10 Finland
Low pressure glaucoma
5.8
31.6
91
159
H50.51
ICD-10 Finland
Esophoria
70.3
30.9
35
5
CS444
NOMESCO Finland
Visual field testing with Octopus automated perimetry
3.5
30.4
146
424
H35.39
ICD-10 Finland
Degeneration of macula and posterior pole
4.3
30.1
115
274
H35.38
ICD-10 Finland
Preretinal fibrosis of the macula
3.9
29.8
126
329
CG2T4
NOMESCO Finland
Topography assessment of cornea
7.2
28.5
70
99
H43.3
ICD-10 Finland
Other vitreous opacities
6.2
27.7
76
125
S01EC04
ATC
brinzolamide; ophthalmic
3.6
27.3
128
366
CEC00
NOMESCO Finland
Recession of extraocular muscle
272.5
26.7
27
*
S01EE05
ATC
tafluprost; ophthalmic
3.7
26.5
120
333
CKC10
NOMESCO Finland
Local photocoagulation of retina
4.8
25.7
86
180
ZXA05
NOMESCO Finland
Left side
1.6
25.2
844
5784
XCH00
NOMESCO Finland
Eye pressure measurement
2.8
24.2
156
560
37303
ICD-8 Finland
Strabismus, Heterophoria (exophoria, esophroria, hypophoria)
+∞
24.0
23
*
S01EA05
ATC
brimonidine; ophthalmic (sympathomimetics in glaucoma therapy)
4.0
23.9
96
241
H52.0
ICD-10 Finland
Hypermetropia
7.5
23.8
56
75
AA1CG
NOMESCO Finland
Extensive MRI examination of brain with high intensity magnet
1.9
23.4
341
1822
S01ED01
ATC
timolol; ophthalmic
3.2
22.7
120
377
37300
ICD-8 Finland
Strabismus, Concomitans convergens
+∞
21.9
21
*
CKD65
NOMESCO Finland
Pars plana or pars plicata vitrectomy
4.2
21.6
83
201
CKC60
NOMESCO Finland
Local buckling of sclera using implant
9.4
21.5
44
47
CS434
NOMESCO Finland
Visual field testing with Humphrey automated perimetry
4.0
21.0
84
211
S01BA07
ATC
fluorometholone; ophthalmic (corticosteroids, plain)
3.5
20.9
99
287
3503
FHL
Single muscle retroposition
+∞
20.8
20
*
H25.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other senile cataract
2.2
20.7
216
1006
CKD91
NOMESCO Finland
Extended vitrectomy through pars plana
5.9
20.6
58
100
Z2221
NOMESCO Finland
Medical doctor
1.4
20.2
1183
9044
CS494
NOMESCO Finland
Other visual field testing
3.7
20.0
89
246
H53.4
ICD-10 Finland
Visual field defects
3.7
19.9
88
242
CKC30
NOMESCO Finland
Cryopexy of detached retina
8.5
19.8
43
51
WX002
NOMESCO Finland
Sedation and analgesia
1.5
19.2
661
4536
CKD92
NOMESCO Finland
Combined vitrectomy and retinal procedure
5.2
19.0
59
115
Z3231
NOMESCO Finland
Registered nurse
1.4
19.0
1057
7996
F32.9
ICD-10 Finland
Depressive episode, unspecified
1.5
18.8
618
4191
S01EE03
ATC
bimatoprost; ophthalmic
3.6
18.5
83
231
Z50.8
ICD-10 Finland
Care involving use of other rehabilitation procedures
1.9
18.2
263
1399
CKD10
NOMESCO Finland
Insufflation of vitreous cavity
4.4
18.2
66
152
S01EE04
ATC
travoprost; ophthalmic
4.1
18.0
70
172
R5110
NOMESCO Finland
Evaluation of the need for aids, the testing, fitting and choice of the aid, instruction in use and delivery of it
1.7
17.8
391
2387
H51.1
ICD-10 Finland
Convergence insufficiency and excess
66.8
17.7
20
*
H53.9
ICD-10 Finland
Visual disturbance, unspecified
2.7
17.6
125
478
S01BA04
ATC
prednisolone; ophthalmic (corticosteroids, plain)
3.2
17.4
92
292
CA1TM
NOMESCO Finland
Calculation of intraocular lens power
5.0
17.1
55
112
H35.5
ICD-10 Finland
Hereditary retinal dystrophy
8.8
17.1
36
41
AA1BG
NOMESCO Finland
Standard MRI examination of brain with high intensity magnet
1.7
16.9
335
1987
CKD40
NOMESCO Finland
Endophotocoagulation of retina
4.5
16.7
59
133
H49.2
ICD-10 Finland
Sixth [abducent] nerve palsy
170.5
16.5
17
*
ZXE00
NOMESCO Finland
One hour or less
1.3
16.4
1631
13480
H20.0
ICD-10 Finland
Acute and subacute iridocyclitis
2.2
16.4
161
733
37600
ICD-8 Finland
Detachment of retina, Primaria
40.2
16.3
20
5
CG2X4
NOMESCO Finland
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of cornea
6.0
16.1
44
74
CS424
NOMESCO Finland
Visual field testing with Goldmann perimetry
5.2
16.0
49
95
3610A
ICD-9 Finland
Retinal detachments and defects, Retinal detachment with retinal defect
13.6
15.9
27
20
WX142
NOMESCO Finland
Sub-tenon anesthesy
8.3
15.7
34
41
H54.2
ICD-10 Finland
Moderate visual impairment, binocular
5.9
15.2
42
72
CS3P4
NOMESCO Finland
Optic nerve head stereophotography
4.6
14.9
51
112
CS1H4
NOMESCO Finland
Retinal nerve fibre layer imaging
4.0
14.8
59
150
CHD00
NOMESCO Finland
Laser trabeculoplasty
4.8
14.6
48
101
S01EC01
ATC
acetazolamide; systemic
2.9
14.6
87
302
CHD35
NOMESCO Finland
Laser goniopuncture
10.0
14.4
28
28
TCC40
NOMESCO Finland
Closure of lacrimal canaliculus with plug
11.4
14.2
26
23
R51.80
ICD-10 Finland
Headache
1.4
14.1
666
4862
N05BA01
ATC
diazepam; systemic, rectal
1.5
13.7
451
3056
E10.3
ICD-10 Finland
Type 1 diabetes mellitus, With ophthalmic complications
2.1
13.6
147
700
3782B
ICD-9 Finland
Strabismus and other disorders of binocular eye movements, Intermittent heterotropia[STRABISMUS DIVERGENS INTERMITTENS]
+∞
13.5
13
*
H49.1
ICD-10 Finland
Fourth [trochlear] nerve palsy
140.4
13.4
14
*
H02AB09
ATC
hydrocortisone; systemic
2.4
13.4
113
480
H52.5
ICD-10 Finland
Disorders of accommodation
18.2
13.3
20
11
H33.5
ICD-10 Finland
Other retinal detachments
5.4
13.3
39
73
S01AX11
ATC
[U] ofloxacin; ophthalmic
2.2
12.9
126
571
Z01.1
ICD-10 Finland
Examination of ears and hearing
1.5
12.8
428
2904
H55
ICD-10 Finland
Nystagmus and other irregular eye movements
6.6
12.8
32
49
G35
ICD-10 Finland
Multiple sclerosis
2.7
12.7
87
327
S01GX01
ATC
cromoglicic acid; ophthalmic
1.3
12.5
899
7037
Z31.5
ICD-10 Finland
Genetic counselling
1.7
12.5
242
1424
R29.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other and unspecified symptoms and signs involving the nervous and musculoskeletal systems
1.6
12.4
307
1937
H50.9
ICD-10 Finland
Strabismus, unspecified
20.1
12.4
18
9
ZXE10
NOMESCO Finland
More than one and less than three hours
1.3
12.3
1278
10538
N06AB04
ATC
citalopram; systemic
1.4
12.3
791
6083
Z01.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other specified special examinations
1.4
12.3
761
5818
Q87.88
ICD-10 Finland
Other specified congenital malformation syndromes, not elsewhere classified
14.3
12.2
20
14
F79.0
ICD-10 Finland
Unspecified mental retardation, with the statement of no, or minimal, impairment of behaviour
10.5
12.2
23
22
H57.9
ICD-10 Finland
Disorder of eye and adnexa, unspecified
3.9
12.2
49
127
S01EA03
ATC
apraclonidine; ophthalmic
5.1
12.1
37
73
G47.3
ICD-10 Finland
Sleep apnoea
1.4
12.1
651
4861
A10AB01
ATC
insulin (human); parenteral (insulins and analog. for injection, fast-acting)
2.0
12.0
159
825
H54.7
ICD-10 Finland
Unspecified visual loss
5.2
11.9
36
70
TCW99
NOMESCO Finland
Other minor procedure in eye surgery
3.6
11.9
52
145
L03AX13
ATC
glatiramer acetate; parenteral
4.8
11.9
38
79
XF400
NOMESCO Finland
ECG with 12 standard connections
1.5
11.8
465
3271
303
Kela drug reimbursment
Dimethyl fumarate, interferon beta, glatiramer acetate and teriflunomid (Multiple sclerosis)
3.0
11.8
65
216
S01EC03
ATC
dorzolamide; ophthalmic
4.1
11.8
44
107
S01BC05
ATC
ketorolac; ophthalmic
2.4
11.7
97
409
3507
FHL
Retroposition and resection
65.1
11.6
13
*
3745
FHL
Hard membrane girding, cerclage with coagulation
22.9
11.6
16
7
Q87.4
ICD-10 Finland
Marfan syndrome
11.1
11.5
21
19
CEW99
NOMESCO Finland
Other operation on extraocular muscle
+∞
11.5
11
*
E0000UV
ATC
NA
1.2
11.4
1658
14221
ZXD10
NOMESCO Finland
Scheduled procedure
1.3
11.3
1393
11710
CHD65
NOMESCO Finland
Nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery
5.8
11.3
31
54
S01BC03
ATC
diclofenac; ophthalmic
2.5
11.3
89
364
A06AC01
ATC
ispaghula (psylla seeds); oral
1.3
11.2
742
5729
N06AX11
ATC
mirtazapine; oral
1.3
11.2
1178
9714
G40.9
ICD-10 Finland
Epilepsy, unspecified
2.1
11.2
117
553
N05AH04
ATC
quetiapine; oral
1.4
11.1
704
5395
CKC70
NOMESCO Finland
Circular buckling of sclera
9.2
11.0
22
24
N05AX08
ATC
risperidone; systemic
1.6
10.9
266
1675
R42
ICD-10 Finland
Dizziness and giddiness
1.4
10.8
649
4927
XKC03
NOMESCO Finland
Water cystometry
2.3
10.8
96
420
AA1AD
NOMESCO Finland
CT of head and brain
1.4
10.8
640
4852
N03AG01
ATC
valproic acid; systemic, rectal
1.7
10.6
238
1467
A10AB04
ATC
insulin lispro; parenteral (insulins and analog. for injection, fast-acting)
1.9
10.6
146
771
A12AX
ATC
Calcium, combinations with vitamin D and/or other drugs
1.3
10.5
910
7296
CKD93
NOMESCO Finland
Extended combined procedure on vitreous body and retina
7.3
10.4
24
33
SHB00
NOMESCO Finland
Prepation and fitting of bite rail to mouth
1.4
10.4
480
3481
H49.0
ICD-10 Finland
Third [oculomotor] nerve palsy
110.2
10.4
11
*
R4110
NOMESCO Finland
Physiotherapy
1.3
10.4
890
7127
F32.2
ICD-10 Finland
Severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms
1.5
10.4
308
2033
109
Kela drug reimbursment
Multiple sclerosis
2.7
10.3
67
248
Z3226
NOMESCO Finland
Physiotherapist
1.4
10.3
643
4912
TCG40
NOMESCO Finland
Measurement of higher-grade errors of refraction
6.4
10.3
26
41
H47.2
ICD-10 Finland
Optic atrophy
6.4
10.3
26
41
H27.1
ICD-10 Finland
Dislocation of lens
10.6
10.3
19
18
3744
FHL
Pericardial identification surgery with coagulation (includes epi- and intrascleral indications and eg Lincoff catheter)
18.8
10.2
15
8
157
Kela drug reimbursment
Dimethyl fumarate, glatiramer acetate, interferon beta and teriflunomid (Multiple sclerosis)
2.9
10.2
59
203
R5210
NOMESCO Finland
Assessment of the improvements needed in the living environment
9.1
10.0
20
22
F29
ICPC
Eye symptom/complaint other
1.5
9.9
309
2064
111
Kela drug reimbursment
Epilepsy and comparable convulsive disorders
1.8
9.9
176
1011
H35.30
ICD-10 Finland
Kuhnt-Junius degeneration
2.3
9.9
89
391
N03AE01
ATC
clonazepam; systemic
1.7
9.9
194
1153
Z03.5
ICD-10 Finland
Observation for other suspected cardiovascular diseases
1.6
9.8
240
1511
H40.10
ICD-10 Finland
Capsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation on the anterior lens capsule
2.8
9.8
59
210
Z2446
NOMESCO Finland
Social worker
1.6
9.7
268
1745
F28
ICPC
Limited function/disability (F)
5.3
9.6
28
53
H43.1
ICD-10 Finland
Vitreous haemorrhage
2.5
9.6
70
278
XKD06
NOMESCO Finland
Physiologic investigation of micturition
2.3
9.6
82
353
H16.0
ICD-10 Finland
Corneal ulcer
1.7
9.6
182
1068
112
Kela drug reimbursment
Severe psychotic and other severe mental disorders
1.5
9.6
297
1984
GD1AA
NOMESCO Finland
Thorax X-ray examination
1.2
9.5
1321
11220
N06AX21
ATC
duloxetine; oral
1.4
9.5
387
2737
F05
ICPC
Visual disturbance other
2.2
9.5
92
419
TPH04
NOMESCO Finland
Cathetrisation of vein
1.3
9.5
667
5185
N03AX09
ATC
lamotrigine; oral
1.6
9.5
214
1322
CA1ME
NOMESCO Finland
Ultrasound oculometry
5.4
9.5
27
50
CKC65
NOMESCO Finland
Removal of buckling implant from sclera
17.5
9.4
14
8
3780A
ICD-9 Finland
Strabismus and other disorders of binocular eye movements, Convergent concomitant strabismus[STRABISMUS CONCOMITANS CONVERGENS]
+∞
9.4
9
*
UDC00
NOMESCO Finland
Ear microscopy
1.6
9.3
249
1606
TAB00
NOMESCO Finland
Lumbar puncture
1.7
9.3
171
998
ZXD20
NOMESCO Finland
Day surgery
1.4
9.3
465
3424
A10AA01
ATC
NA
2.0
9.1
113
573
H54.5
ICD-10 Finland
Severe visual impairment, monocular
7.7
9.1
20
26
T85.2
ICD-10 Finland
Mechanical complication of intraocular lens
11.5
9.0
16
14
CGD99
NOMESCO Finland
Other operation for error of refraction
36.7
9.0
11
*
N02AE01
ATC
buprenorphine; parenteral, sublingual, transdermal
1.5
9.0
274
1827
F83
ICD-10 Finland
Mixed specific developmental disorders
3.4
8.9
41
121
A10AC01
ATC
insulin (human); parenteral (insulins and analog. for injection, intermediate-acting)
1.6
8.9
243
1575
UJD10
NOMESCO Finland
Esophagoscopy, gastroscopy and duodenoscopy
1.3
8.9
883
7197
2500B
ICD-9 Finland
Diabetes mellitus without mention of complication[DIABETES MELLITUS SINE COMPLICATIONE ,TYYPPI I]
2.1
8.9
98
474
G44.2
ICD-10 Finland
Tension-type headache
1.4
8.9
519
3920
L03AB08
ATC
interferon beta-1b; parenteral
5.2
8.9
26
50
E10.7
ICD-10 Finland
Type 1 diabetes mellitus, With multiple complications
2.2
8.8
88
411
AA1DG
NOMESCO Finland
Very extensive MRI examination of brain with high intensity magnet
2.0
8.8
106
534
R2130
NOMESCO Finland
Counselling and guidance which enhance independent living
1.5
8.7
256
1693
N03AX11
ATC
topiramate; oral
1.9
8.7
118
620
XA800
NOMESCO Finland
Neuropsychological investigation
1.8
8.6
149
853
WX700
NOMESCO Finland
Respiratory and circulatory monitoring
1.4
8.5
474
3553
A10AE05
ATC
insulin detemir; parenteral
1.7
8.5
184
1122
XCD20
NOMESCO Finland
Photoangiography of eye
2.8
8.5
52
188
F33.9
ICD-10 Finland
Recurrent depressive disorder, unspecified
1.6
8.5
189
1166
Z94.7
ICD-10 Finland
Corneal transplant status
6.0
8.4
22
37
A02BA02
ATC
ranitidine; systemic
1.3
8.4
543
4167
S01FA01
ATC
atropine; ophthalmic
5.4
8.4
24
45
37602
ICD-8 Finland
Detachment of retina, Foramen, ruptura retinae
90.2
8.4
9
*
E10.9
ICD-10 Finland
Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Without complications
1.6
8.4
193
1199
TCG30
NOMESCO Finland
Imaging of anterior and posterior part of cornea
12.8
8.4
14
11
Z00.4
ICD-10 Finland
General psychiatric examination, not elsewhere classified
1.4
8.4
461
3452
3504
FHL
Retroposition of two muscles
+∞
8.3
8
*
CJA00
NOMESCO Finland
Implantation of phakic lens in anterior chamber
+∞
8.3
8
*
602
Kela drug reimbursment
Children's severe malnutrition
4.5
8.3
28
63
N03AX16
ATC
pregabalin; oral
1.3
8.3
723
5792
Z2445
NOMESCO Finland
Psychologist
1.6
8.2
191
1190
R4120
NOMESCO Finland
Occupational therapy
1.6
8.2
201
1272
S01EX03
ATC
NA
2.9
8.2
48
169
182
Kela drug reimbursment
Brivaracetam, eslikarbazepin, gabapentin, lacosamide, levetiracetam, perampanel, pregabalin, tiagabin and zonisamide
2.3
8.1
72
317
N06AX16
ATC
venlafaxine; oral
1.3
8.1
562
4358
S01EC54
ATC
brinzolamide, combinations; ophthalmic
3.6
8.1
35
99
H20.1
ICD-10 Finland
Chronic iridocyclitis
2.9
8.1
47
164
3680A
ICD-9 Finland
Visual disturbances, Amblyopia ex anopsia
17.2
8.1
12
7
H26.01
ICD-10 Finland
Infantile, juvenile and presenile cataract
11.7
8.1
14
12
H90.3
ICD-10 Finland
Sensorineural hearing loss, bilateral
1.5
8.0
313
2200
L17
ICPC
Foot/toe symptom/complaint
1.3
8.0
853
7007
XCH05
NOMESCO Finland
Eye pressure longterm registration
3.4
8.0
37
111
R06.5
ICD-10 Finland
Mouth breathing
1.5
7.9
278
1911
CA1CG
NOMESCO Finland
Eye and orbita extensive MRI examination with high intensity magnet
4.0
7.9
30
76
SPAT1262
SPAT
Handing over of treatment supplies
1.3
7.9
503
3850
XKD00
NOMESCO Finland
Uroflowmetry
1.5
7.9
307
2158
Z50.9
ICD-10 Finland
Care involving use of rehabilitation procedure, unspecified
1.8
7.9
127
711
N03AX14
ATC
levetiracetam; systemic
2.1
7.9
83
396
R01AD01
ATC
beclometasone; nasal
1.3
7.9
550
4271
N05CF01
ATC
zopiclone; oral
1.2
7.8
962
8034
N05BA04
ATC
oxazepam; oral
1.3
7.8
881
7287
3626
FHL
Extracapsular cataract surgery and implantation of an artificial lens
4.1
7.8
28
68
A10AA02
ATC
NA
1.9
7.8
115
628
Q05.2
ICD-10 Finland
Lumbar spina bifida with hydrocephalus
45.0
7.7
9
*
R20.2
ICD-10 Finland
Paraesthesia of skin
1.5
7.7
240
1611
CHC05
NOMESCO Finland
Iridotomy
3.2
7.6
37
115
N05CF02
ATC
zolpidem; oral
1.3
7.6
616
4885
H40.5
ICD-10 Finland
Glaucoma secondary to other eye disorders
3.3
7.6
35
105
H02.4
ICD-10 Finland
Ptosis of eyelid
2.3
7.6
68
301
183
Kela drug reimbursment
Lamotrigin and topiramate
2.8
7.6
46
167
U04
ICPC
Incontinence urine
1.9
7.5
106
568
UKC02
NOMESCO Finland
Cystoscopy
1.4
7.4
346
2521
K07.60
ICD-10 Finland
Snapping jaw
1.5
7.4
218
1445
H33.1
ICD-10 Finland
Retinoschisis and retinal cysts
4.5
7.4
24
53
H43.2
ICD-10 Finland
Crystalline deposits in vitreous body
8.4
7.3
15
18
CEC60
NOMESCO Finland
Transposition of extraocular muscle with adjustable suture
+∞
7.3
7
*
37000
ICD-8 Finland
Refractive errors, Astigmatismus
+∞
7.3
7
*
G04BD08
ATC
solifenacin; oral
1.7
7.3
140
831
3660C
ICD-9 Finland
Cataract, Infantile, juvenile and presenile cataract[CATARACTA PRAESENILIS]
9.4
7.3
14
15
S01ED02
ATC
betaxolol; ophthalmic
4.1
7.3
26
63
M03BX01
ATC
baclofen; systemic
2.4
7.3
59
252
H04AA01
ATC
glucagon; nasal, parenteral
1.8
7.3
124
711
F32.1
ICD-10 Finland
Moderate depressive episode
1.5
7.2
253
1745
S97
ICPC
Chronic ulcer skin
1.8
7.2
119
672
RT274
NOMESCO Finland
NA
7.3
7.2
16
22
Q85.00
ICD-10 Finland
Neurofibromatosis, type 1
7.9
7.1
15
19
TCG10
NOMESCO Finland
Removal of sutures from cornea
4.7
7.0
22
47
CKD05
NOMESCO Finland
Puncture of vitreous body with injection of medication
2.0
7.0
86
439
ZXE13
NOMESCO Finland
Procedure duration 90 to 119 minutes
1.6
7.0
167
1054
ZXE11
NOMESCO Finland
Procedure duration 60 to 89 minutes
1.5
7.0
263
1841
H01AC01
ATC
somatropin; parenteral
4.0
6.9
26
66
R35
ICD-10 Finland
Polyuria
1.6
6.9
152
936
F84.5
ICD-10 Finland
Asperger syndrome
2.8
6.9
41
147
N31.9
ICD-10 Finland
Neuromuscular dysfunction of bladder, unspecified
3.5
6.9
30
87
H26.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other specified cataract
4.0
6.9
25
62
R50.9
ICD-10 Finland
Fever, unspecified
1.3
6.8
483
3756
WX199
NOMESCO Finland
Other local analgesia
2.1
6.8
69
326
CD2S4
NOMESCO Finland
Photography of eye
4.8
6.8
21
44
-48
ICPC
Clarification/discussion RFE/demand
1.7
6.8
132
784
NA1BG
NOMESCO Finland
Cervical spine MRI examination with high intensity magnet
1.6
6.8
170
1081
R5140
NOMESCO Finland
Monitoring the use of the aid
1.4
6.8
275
1948
F32.10
ICD-10 Finland
Moderate depressive episode without somatic syndrome
1.4
6.8
377
2828
A02BC03
ATC
lansoprazole; oral
1.2
6.8
867
7263
H46
ICD-10 Finland
Optic neuritis
2.7
6.8
44
166
WX408
NOMESCO Finland
General anesthesy, balanced
1.2
6.7
921
7776
CKC20
NOMESCO Finland
Cryopexy of undetached retina
7.2
6.7
15
21
F72.0
ICD-10 Finland
Severe mental retardation, with the statement of no, or minimal, impairment of behaviour
22.5
6.7
9
*
CE2W4
NOMESCO Finland
Eye movement mapping
22.5
6.7
9
*
G04BD12
ATC
mirabegron; oral
1.5
6.7
207
1390
F32.3
ICD-10 Finland
Severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms
1.9
6.7
94
507
P85
ICPC
Mental retardation
6.4
6.6
16
25
H57.1
ICD-10 Finland
Ocular pain
1.7
6.6
118
686
ZXE20
NOMESCO Finland
More than three and less than five hours
1.4
6.6
382
2881
L04AA31
ATC
teriflunomide; oral
4.6
6.6
21
46
M08.9
ICD-10 Finland
Juvenile arthritis, unspecified
4.6
6.6
21
46
Z03.3
ICD-10 Finland
Observation for suspected nervous system disorder
1.6
6.6
180
1174
N18.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other chronic renal failure
2.2
6.6
62
285
M41.4
ICD-10 Finland
Neuromuscular scoliosis
8.7
6.5
13
15
N03AX12
ATC
gabapentin; oral
1.3
6.5
470
3666
P29
ICPC
Psychological sympt/compl other
1.4
6.5
264
1873
DFF00
NOMESCO Finland
Pure tone audiometry
1.5
6.5
225
1548
L04AA06
ATC
mycophenolic acid; systemic
2.2
6.5
61
280
F84.9
ICD-10 Finland
Pervasive developmental disorder, unspecified
4.5
6.4
21
47
CJA10
NOMESCO Finland
Implantation of phakic lens in posterior chamber
69.9
6.4
7
*
3602A
ICD-9 Finland
Disorders of the globe, Degenerative disorders of globe[MYOPIA MALIGNA]
69.9
6.4
7
*
7410D
ICD-9 Finland
Spina bifida, With hydrocephalus[SPINA BIFIDA APERTA CUM HYDROCEPHALO REG LUMBALIS]
69.9
6.4
7
*
R56.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other and unspecified convulsions
1.6
6.4
172
1116
N05AX12
ATC
aripiprazole; systemic
1.6
6.4
175
1139
CHW99
NOMESCO Finland
Other operation on anterior chamber, anterior chamber angle, iris or ciliary body
14.3
6.4
10
7
N05AH02
ATC
clozapine; systemic
1.9
6.4
85
448
WX720
NOMESCO Finland
Own respiration
1.8
6.4
110
633
-31
ICPC
Medical examin/health eval partial
1.5
6.3
232
1613
SPAT1009
SPAT
Measurement of intraocular pressure
2.7
6.3
41
154
TQX10
NOMESCO Finland
Biopsy of skin and subcutaneous tissue
1.4
6.3
243
1708
FM1EE
NOMESCO Finland
Extensive structural and functional ultrasound examination of heart
1.3
6.3
531
4231
H35.1
ICD-10 Finland
Retinopathy of prematurity
18.0
6.3
9
5
CEC30
NOMESCO Finland
Resection of extraocular muscle
+∞
6.2
6
*
3505
FHL
Single muscle resection
+∞
6.2
6
*
Q87.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other specified congenital malformation syndromes, not elsewhere classified
+∞
6.2
6
*
3781B
ICD-9 Finland
Strabismus and other disorders of binocular eye movements, Divergent concomitant strabismus[STRABISMUS DIVERGENS ALTERNANS]
+∞
6.2
6
*
37603
ICD-8 Finland
Detachment of retina, Retinoschisis
+∞
6.2
6
*
Q87.80
ICD-10 Finland
Alport syndrome
26.7
6.2
8
*
CJF20
NOMESCO Finland
Removal of artificial lens
26.7
6.2
8
*
CG2Z4
NOMESCO Finland
Specialised imaging of cornea
7.0
6.2
14
20
N05CD07
ATC
temazepam; oral
1.4
6.2
262
1876
SAA04
NOMESCO Finland
Special inverstigation of mouth
1.5
6.1
224
1560
S01
ICPC
Pain/tenderness of skin
1.7
6.1
129
788
K59.1
ICD-10 Finland
Functional diarrhoea
1.6
6.1
155
993
H40.12
ICD-10 Finland
Pigmentary glaucoma
5.7
6.1
16
28
A03FA01
ATC
metoclopramide; systemic, rectal
1.2
6.1
662
5441
H40.9
ICD-10 Finland
Glaucoma, unspecified
2.9
6.1
35
122
G80.9
ICD-10 Finland
Cerebral palsy, unspecified
12.5
6.1
10
8
F70.0
ICD-10 Finland
Mild mental retardation, With the statement of no, or minimal, impairment of behaviour
3.6
6.1
25
70
F41.9
ICD-10 Finland
Anxiety disorder, unspecified
1.3
6.0
434
3385
XF404
NOMESCO Finland
Ambulatory ECG
1.4
6.0
234
1648
SPAT1215
SPAT
Assessment of need for medical rehabilitation
1.6
6.0
144
910
Mortality – FinRegistry
↥Association
Association between endpoint H7_MYOPIA and mortality.
Females
| Parameter | HR [95% CI] | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| H7_MYOPIA | 1.275 [1.12, 1.45] | < 0.001 |
| Birth year | 0.995 [0.99, 1.0] | 0.238 |
During the follow-up period (1.1.1998 — 31.12.2019), 930 out of 21450 females with H7_MYOPIA died.
Males
| Parameter | HR [95% CI] | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| H7_MYOPIA | 1.268 [1.08, 1.49] | 0.004 |
| Birth year | 0.986 [0.98, 1.0] | 0.004 |
During the follow-up period (1.1.1998 — 31.12.2019), 715 out of 15335 males with H7_MYOPIA died.
Mortality risk
Mortality risk for people of age
years, who have H7_MYOPIA.| N-year risk | Females | Males |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.094% | 0.216% |
| 5 | 0.567% | 1.516% |
| 10 | 1.732% | 3.595% |
| 15 | 3.437% | 6.607% |
| 20 | 6.059% | 11.048% |
Relationships between endpoints
↥Index endpoint: H7_MYOPIA – Myopia
GWS hits: 10
Endpoint
Case Overlap
Survival Analysis
Genetic Correlations
Genetic Signals
N (Jaccard index)
HR [CI]
Extremity
rg [CI]
Extremity
Hits
Coloc Hits
FinRegistry
FinnGen
FinRegistry
FinnGen
FinnGen
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